The purpose of this article is for the reader to have a reliable, understandable and therefore easy to understand source of consultation, but without overlooking important concepts related to creativity, such as: innovation, teaching, anatomy, development, background, definitions and contributions.
Introduction
Creativity as a study word was abandoned for a long time, although this does not imply its application in practical matters, but until recent years it is when there is a greater boom by various authors who were interested in investigating, knowing and documenting everything related to the subject.
Creativity is not exclusive to a person, group, ethnic group or nation; since this is found in all people, to a greater or lesser extent, permissibly potentiated by studies or preparations related to them.
As already mentioned, it has its origins in remote times, to cite an example, the implementation of the wheel, which was a tool that would allow, together with other integrations, to be able to move various things more efficiently.
Another example of creativity is the use of tools that were made with rudimentary materials, but were intended to facilitate your tasks.
At present, perhaps the clearest example of creativity is given in graphic matters, but it is not exclusive to an area of application, since in music, marketing, computing, among others, it is immersed and its execution corresponds to the human being.
Background
Being graduated from a technical school, training center or having a university degree is not a guarantee of having a job opportunity available, to integrate into the professional field, since various skills are required and requested.
Among the skills and competencies that today more than ever are necessary to highlight both in workplaces and in academic settings, and which are among the main and most complex of the human being; it is the "creative" one. Creative skills are commonly overlooked and are not given any relevance. (Esquivias Serrano, Creative thinking in higher education students, 2008)
He mentions (Esquivias Serrano, Creative thinking in higher education students, 2008) that the tasks involved in creative skills, among others, are: transform, invent, apply, imagine, design, detect problems, change, redefine, find analogies, produce original ideas, etc. In such a way that for many this is one of the most sophisticated expressions of human thought, and therefore incomprehensible, impenetrable and even difficult to be identified and valued.
Concepts
Spawn. This is the literal meaning of the term creativity and that is obtained by establishing the etymological origin of that term. An origin that is found in Latin and specifically in the verb creare. For creativity it is understood that someone has the power to create and creative ability of an individual. It consists of finding procedures or elements to carry out tasks in a different way from the traditional one, with the intention of satisfying a determined purpose. Creativity allows to fulfill personal or group wishes in a faster, simpler, more efficient or cheaper way. (DefinicioDE, 2008-2015)
It expresses (DefinicionABC, 2007-2015) that creativity is a typically human faculty. The creativity, also known as inventive, original thought, constructive imagination, creative thinking, among other ways, it is quite simply the human ability to create and as we may allow the generation of new ideas, concepts or new associations between ideas and concepts already known and that are aimed at producing original solutions. Creativity can lead to the creation of anything new, the discovery of original solutions, or the modification or transformation of the world.
He mentions (creativity, 2013) that creativity is a term related to many activities and skills; among them, inventiveness, inspiration, imagination or freedom to name a few. All of them give us an idea of the high levels that we can reach people when we decide to develop as creative beings.
Perfecting.- In terms of quantity, perfecting is undoubtedly the widest use of creative thinking. It can even be said that refinement is the greatest use "power" of creative thinking. We can apply it to whatever we are doing, hoping to make an improvement or find a "better" way to do it. (Velasco Tapia)
Problem solving.- Problem solving is a traditional area of use for creative thinking. If standard procedures do not offer a solution, creative thinking must be used. And although the current procedure may provide that solution, it always makes sense to apply creative thinking in order to find a better one.
There are two possible approaches to problem solving:
- the analytical approach, in which we care about "what is"; and design, where “what could be” matters. The design-based approach requires creative thinking.
But even analytical guidance may require creative reasoning to imagine alternative possibilities.
Development
Contributions and definitions regarding the concept "creativity"
(Esquivias Serrano, Creative thinking in higher education students, 2008)
The term currently has a very large number of followers who research and are passionate about their study, especially in international forums. In this sense, various contributions emerge on the process that the concept has followed and definitions of the topic, which can be summarized in table form and in chronological order.
Figure 1. Chronology regarding the term creativity (Esquivias Serrano, Creative thinking in higher education students, 2008, pp. 20-23)
The creativity process will consist of finding the most satisfactory methods or objects to carry out those tasks that allow the concretion of new and different ways or things, being ingenuity the main source of inspiration to follow them (DefinicionABC, 2007-2015)
Only a continuous and increasing contribution of creativity will allow us to eliminate (or at least reduce) the problems of today's civilization. Only a determined and collective commitment to creativity in all aspects of human activities will allow us to continue progressing. (Guilera Agüera, 2011)
Creativity is a concept that alludes to one of the most sophisticated cognitive processes of the human being, everything indicates that it is influenced by a wide range of evolutionary, social and educational experiences and its manifestation is diverse in a number of fields. It has been defined in different ways and even in the context of these definitions we can observe the moment of evolution of the same concept, being the constants in this process: novelty and contribution. In short, creativity cannot be approached as a simple feature of human beings, there is no doubt that aspects such as: the mind, the
cognitive processes that are carried out in this, personality, motivation, emotions and the affective world, play a unique component in this process. On the other hand, we are all creative to a greater or lesser extent and, what is even more encouraging, we can all develop it (Esquivias Serrano, Creatividad: Definiciones, Antecedentes y Aportaciones, 2004).
Types of creativity
(creativity, 2013)
Plastic Creativity
The one that has its own characters, the clarity and precision of the forms, those whose materials are images that are close to perfection; it prints forms to reality and in which associations with certain objective relations predominate. This is developed to a greater degree in the visual arts such as painting and sculpture, as well as in oratory, in that it is capable of generating imaginative forms in the listener.
Difluent Creativity
It consists of images of telling us vague and indecisive, which are called and united according to less rigorous ways of association. It is opposed to practice and feelings predominate in it. They are manifestations of said creativity: dreams, imaginative and romantic spirit, chimerical spirit, religious and mystical symbolism. Fine arts such as lyrics and music fall within this area.
Philosophical creativity
Philosophical creativity builds images that are for him knowledge and interpretation of the world. To understand it, the following scores should be noted:
- It is a conceptual way of thinking that transforms images into abstract symbols. It uses analogies and comparisons. It accompanies science to the maximum unconditional and permanent degree.
Scientific Creativity
It is devoted to research and involves the search for truth and principles. It depends on the nature of the materials with which it works, according to the different fields of science.
Inventive Practical Creativity
It deals with details of what it does ordinary, it has abilities that act on things and processes to make a tool or machinery more useful or productive or a method more useful or productive. At a high level it produces the invention of sophisticated devices and new technologies.
Social creativity
It is characterized by its human raw material. The person with social creativity is capable of generating new human relationships, founding original groups or associations, as well as organizing social or political activities. As we can see, creativity extends to all areas of what to do humanly and influences it in a significant way, transforming your life and your environment.
The creative process
(Velasco Tapia)
There are certain creations that we could call episodic: they seem to consist of an illumination and the subsequent execution, within the “stimulus-response” scheme. For example, "I can think of" a new arrangement of the furniture in my living room, and in ten minutes everything is ready; or, a readjustment in the organizational chart of my office; or a joke about the last president; or a new topic for a magazine article. Each of these creations is so brief that it seems to be more of an act than a process.
Although even in these cases there are usually subconscious processes that emerge at a given moment, we are interested in other creations here: those that are complex, those that are the result of long elaboration, those that involve chaining many elements and overcoming many obstacles. For example, writing a book, planning and constructing a large building, founding and organizing a political party, conceiving and giving birth to a far-reaching scientific theory.
It is impossible to find a cliche: with a kind of instructions or creativity manual, ready and expeditious for everyone. In this, more than in the activities of ordinary life, each person traces his own path, and follows his own rhythm.
We distinguish six stages in the creative process:
- Questioning.- It all starts with deep interest in a given topic. It is an in-depth “encounter” with X reality. The subject discovers a problem or an aspect that arouses his curiosity: a curiosity that settles in consciousness. A kind of compromise is created between the individual and the subject.
- The collection of data.- With his concern in mind and purpose, the individual launches into the field of events to obtain all relevant information. It is the time for systematic observations, interviews, readings, trips to the scene, the examination of technologies, etc.
- Incubation.- The first two stages can be compared to sowing, the third stage is like the beginning of germination, which takes place underground.
- Lighting.- Suddenly, unexpectedly, something occurs to the person. He sees analogies that he had not perceived for years; he comes to the intuition of a possibility or a solution as one arrives at the exit of a long and narrow tunnel; conceive a hypothesis; tie ends that were very loose…
- The elaboration (execution and / or verification).- It is the verification of the hypothesis, or the accomplishment of the work, according to the cases. Here we enter the domain of logic, technique, organization, discipline, asceticism. This is when the details, the polishing work, the skill in the use of materials and in the field of people come to the fore.
- Communication and / or publication.- We could also call it publication, at least in many cases. Naturally and spontaneously, the child wants his relatives to observe his progress; to be recognized and applauded. The creator also seeks to transcend through acceptance by his small world, or the great world that is mankind and history.
The characteristics of the creative person
(DefinitionABC, 2007-2015)
Although it is difficult to generalize about creativity because it is obviously such a subjective and particular issue for each one, some of the most common characteristics that are usually observed in those more creative people or personalities can be given: self-confidence, courage, flexibility, high capacity for association, intuitive capacity, fine perception, imagination, critical capacity, intellectual concerns, affective characteristics of feeling loved and appreciated, ease, freedom, enthusiasm, tenacity and depth.
Elements of creativity
(Velasco Tapia)
Just as nations seek to propose models of good citizens (heroes) and western religions model of good Christians (saints), all people interested in developing their own creativity are also interested in having models or, eventually, discovering the type of ideal of Creative person.
It is very interesting to analyze the biographies of the teachers. A tour of the gallery of heroes and saints of creativity offers us the most heterogeneous material. The variety of personalities runs from Van Gogh to Newton; from Muhammad to Madame Curie; from Henry Ford to Rubén Darío… But undoubtedly there is a kind of common denominator in people of eminent creativity. At stake are not only qualities and abilities, but attitudes, not only the cognitive, but also the affective, the volitional, and the social.
1. Cognitive characteristics
- Fineness of perception. The subject is a good observer and knows how to capture global details and situations at the same time. Perception provides the matter for the work of thought. Intuitive ability. Intuition is a kind of complete, intimate and instantaneous perception of complex realities. Imagination. It elaborates and remodels the materials that entered the psyche through sensory perception, but it is not that the imagination that flies crazy but the imagination that flies and lands. Critical capacity. It allows to distinguish between the information and its source. It is the opposite pole of intellectual conformity that with the force of an inveterate habit
it tends to find out what the issuer's social authority is and in principle submits to it. Paradoxically, this critical attitude marries very well with the receptivity of new ideas and with intellectual humility.
- Intellectual curiosity. Creative people live in constant questioning. One of the many similarities between the genius and the child is that they both hold high the capacity to be amazed and to ask a thousand times: why?
2. Affective characteristics
- Freedom, freedom. The creator of good category preserves something of a child: the playful meaning of life. Passion. To be a creator you have to be able to get excited, commit and fight. Boldness. It is the ability to face risks. Depth. It is the facility to go beyond the surface and immerse yourself in deep reflections.
3. Volitional characteristics
- Tenacity. It implies perseverance, effort, discipline, work and struggle. Frustration tolerance. The creative man must know how to resist ambiguity and lack of definition; he must know how to live in tension, because the material he handles is ambiguous, evasive and unpredictable. Decision-making capacity. The very nature of creative problems requires knowing how to move and define oneself in conditions of uncertainty, darkness and risk.
Factors that inhibit and favor creativity
(Velasco Tapia)
Although we are all potentially creative, creativity is a trait that in some people manifests itself to an eminent degree and in others to a very modest degree; in short, a faculty that some have managed to educate and others have left to atrophy.
1) Obstacles, blockages
- Of a physical nature. In relation to these, it can be verified that the ends touch. A monotonous, super-quiet, static medium can be as much an enemy of creativity as an unstable, tempestuous, fast-paced, and chaotic medium. Cognitive order. An environment of prejudice, dogmatism, traditionalism, bureaucratism, chronic skepticism and systematic rejection of the new, conditions routine, cold, impersonal and apathetic attitudes. Of an affective order. Other stimuli that freeze the creativity of a person or a group are: insecurity, self-imposed limits, feelings of guilt, boredom of work and neurotic pressures. Sociocultural order. These obstacles were already denounced when speaking of dogmatism, bureaucratization and social mimicry.
2) Facilitators, drivers
- Of a physical nature. When we alternate periods of intense stimulation with periods of calm and seriousness, we obtain the right climate to assimilate, sediment and incubate. Cognitive order. Having parents of a good intellectual level, with broad cultural and creative interests, and also tolerant to the pluralism of ideologies and the vicissitudes that the practice of trial and error entails; and, of course, having teachers with these same characteristics. Of an affective order. The security of being accepted; the joy of living; faith in one's abilities and in one's vital vocation; the spirit of commitment and dedication; the high need for achievement. Sociocultural order. Moving and developing in a restless, ambitious and creative society creates a "virtuous circle" of increasing vitality and stimulation. Thus we see how rich countries offer an abundance of information, opportunities and exchanges that poor countries never give their children or their guests.
Conclusions
The issue of creativity and other sections related to this area are of utmost importance, for the development of people at the individual level, as well as in participation within organizations, and that is that within them they have even greater opportunities to be able to lead to tangible things their ideas and desires.
For this reason, it is important that spaces of creativity are created, which fortunately are already a reality in universities, but it is important that even more young people participate, since this entails different implicit benefits, some in the short term and others in the medium term.
Thesis topic: Implementation of a space for creativity within the Fricongelados company
Objective: Analyze the behavior of the members of Fricongelados, encourage their creative aspect, all as part of an improvement plan and that is translated into numerous benefits.
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