At present the Cuban company has to face innumerable challenges typical of the current situation in the world. It is living in an era of technological revolution where it is about selling more and more knowledge, and fewer material resources. Under these conditions, the Cuban company is fighting an extensive battle to achieve high rates of economic efficiency that allow it to enter the international market with increasingly competitive products.
The needs to transfer environmentally sound and convenient technologies and know-how for the Latin American and Caribbean region should be identified in light of the availability of natural and human resources to carry it out. In these countries there is a diversity of natural resources that are technically and economically viable to develop and everything depends on the evolution and definition of a government policy and the will of an entire nation to carry it out. The opportunities to transfer technology and even more to develop technology (a more advanced status) originate through the establishment of a strategy for the promotion of investments that allow the sustainable economic development of a country. The continuous search for competitiveness is the key to the success of the investment promotion strategy and,therefore, to transfer technology. The development of technology will be essential to achieve the sustainable development of the countries.
Cuban companies do not escape the impact of this world scenario, they are struggling to get closer to the production rates on a global scale, so they are committed to improving their position in the market and are making more and more efforts to defend it.
However, this has not been the case in all companies, some have lagged behind in the process of continuous improvement of their internal management showing poor performance to produce goods or services, which have prevented them from challenging the competition.
Based on this problem, procedures have been developed to identify investment opportunities on production equipment, but they do not address essential criteria for making investment decisions, such as the relative importance of the equipment in the process and the level of obsolescence technology of a team, so it is proposed to determine both in the following way:
Relative importance of equipment in the process
In the case of the relative importance of the equipment in the process, the following expression is proposed:
: Value of product "h"
: Number of operations carried out by team "i" to product "h"
: Number of operations necessary to produce product "h"
: time of operations carried out by team "i" to product " h ”
: total processing time of product“ h ”
w: Quantity of products“ h ”
The previous expression is based on the consideration that the determination of the importance of a team within a process undoubtedly forces us to focus on the importance of the product that results from said production process. That is to say, an important production process within a productive sector implies that a product is obtained that contributes significant value to the final production. The relative importance of the equipment in the process varies from 0 to 1 with a favorable trend when it approaches 1.
Level of technological obsolescence
In the case of the level of technological obsolescence, it is proposed that the group of experts assessing it carry out a thorough review and comparison with respect to the existing equipment regarding technical aspects, which are the result of consulting the specialized literature, as well as verification with experts in the field, the aspects are listed below:
Aspect list
1) Number of operations in which it performs the product of the total that it needs. (PO1)
2) Time used to carry out the operations (PO2)
3) Equipment efficiency (Consumption-production ratio). (PO3)
4) Functionality (Regarding what it can do with respect to what needs to be done). (PO4)
5) Complexity in use and maintenance. (PO5)
6) Risk of accident. (PO6)
Once the above information has been recorded, the experts must qualify in value between 0 and 1 how obsolete the existing equipment is with respect to those found on the market, taking into account each aspect of the aforementioned. In other words, each aspect will be qualified independently for the different teams. Finally, to obtain the indicator of technological obsolescence, the following methodology is proposed:
Methodology to determine the level of technological obsolescence.
Calculation of the moral obsolescence of a team.
Moral obsolescence refers to the devaluation of existing basic funds as an economic result of technological progress, that is, the cheapening of new basic funds with the same existing parameters. It is expressed in the decrease in the renewal value of existing basic funds, to the extent that the value of new means of work with equal use value decreases. This form of moral obsolescence acts constantly in dependence on the change in the productivity of labor in the manufacture of means of work. To measure the development and level of moral obsolescence, the following expression is proposed:
where:
Vm, t: Moral obsolescence in year t.
Kb, 0: Acquisition value of the work medium in the year it was obtained.
Kb, t: Acquisition value of the working medium in year t.
If you have to determine the renewal value for year t, you must use the expression of Strumilin, where:
t: years of analysis.
: Productivity rate, in the equipment in which it is produced.
Therefore obsolescence can be determined as follows:
then:
Nobti =
The level of technological obsolescence of the equipment varies from 0 to 1 with an unfavorable tendency when it approaches 1.
