As is known, the word information is currently one of the main keys to making decisions in organizations, but not only in them if not in every aspect of our lives. This information is the way in which the environment that companies manage for them is managed.
Companies have different areas, but some of them are more susceptible than others since they are affected by both internal and external factors. That is why we must have the ability to return to the information that is the source of knowledge, the way to obtain said information can represent a competitive advantage over our competition.
The fact that the company or organization does an effective information management will be linked by certain factors, so we must take into account that due to the globalization of the world today we can easily obtain large amounts of information, but this information is mostly It comes shapeless, incoherent and many of the sources are of unknown origin, that is to say that neither the origin nor the quality and authenticity of them can be verified.
Diffuse information is all that information that we cannot systematically evaluate, which comes from various sources and knowing how to manage it can position us in a competitive context and improve our perspective of the environment.
But we must think about our environment and in this world that grows every day at speeds that one cannot imagine, since due to the aforementioned it is impossible for the human being by himself to analyze all the information of his organization to take Adequate decisions in a reasonable time, for which this process, thanks to technological advances in recent years, has been replaced by systems that help to store all the information for later use.
But let's take into account that the information that is going to be stored in these systems must be information related to the activities of the company or organization that is going to apply the system. (Franco, 2016)
Having said the above, it is sometimes as mentioned that inappropriate information is found since it is not clear for the needs of the company or organization in question and that is how diffuse information is reached and in turn is translated as discovery of a barrier or obstacle, for the achievement of the objectives of the organization or its goals.
Information
It can be said that the information is the broad result of knowing situations, facts, unknown events until before the same moment, as well as the causes that originate those facts and the consequences that they will bring with itself when it reaches the company.
Another definition tells us that the information comes from the ordering of the data, so that they have a concrete meaning so that even a certain value receives them.
Another author tells us that it is a set of data about some event, fact or phenomenon that is organized in a certain context and has a meaning whose purpose may be to reduce uncertainty or increase knowledge of something in order to help in companies to decision making.
From the above we can conclude the following:
Information is an organized set of data that constitutes a message about a certain phenomenon or entity. This information allows us to solve problems and make decisions, since its rational use is the basis of new knowledge.
Information in companies
The assets in the companies in general the tangible ones are considered as the most valuable for the companies. They have the characteristic of being very identifiable and perceived by many senses. An example of this we can mention the raw material, land, machinery, among others.
But we have to take into account that tangible assets are not large enough or the only ones that can achieve the competitive success of the company or organization.
But otherwise, companies also have intangible assets, which are of a non-physical or non-material nature, this provides privileges to the company that has them, generating added value to it. These assets are considered as copyrights, patents, trademarks, information technology, and databases. The aforementioned refers to the existing knowledge in a company or its experience in the specific turn that it develops, today these two are considered of utmost importance for the organizations that are in the market today.
The performance of intangible assets, specifically taking the information, will depend on the existence of an adequate flow between the company and its microenvironment and macroenvironment between the different business units.
Companies become competitive when they maximize the exploitation of the information that companies obtain from their environment. The relevance of the information lies in the fact that it generates an increase in the knowledge of the collaborators, this will lead to the reduction of uncertainty. In general, the information will allow the company's employees to make decisions that will lead them to achieve their objectives and the goals that are proposed in the organization.
Information sources
Information sources are all resources which contain formal, informal, written, oral or multimedia data. It is divided into three types: first, secondary and tertiary.
Information sources are also known to be the footprint, vestige, testimony of everything that has to do with the history of either the evolution of man or everything that the company wants to know about a certain area or potential market for the company or in which the entity is located. From the above we can say that the source of information is everything that contains information, which must be transmitted, communicated so that it can be identified at the origin of the information.
The first type of information source is the following:
Primary sources
These sources are those that contain original information, this means that it has been published for the first time or, failing that, it has not been interpreted or evaluated by any other person. These primary sources are the product of an investigation or of a really creative one, these in turn are the components, for example, of the basic collection of a library.
These sources can be found in physical form, this means in printed form such as books and publications that are serialized or are in special formats such as micro forms, video cases, DVDS, compact discs among other special media..
Secondary sources
These sources contain the well-known primary, synthesized and rearranged information. These sources have the main objective of facilitating and maximizing access to primary sources as their content. These collections are usually referenced on the basis of libraries to facilitate access and control to the aforementioned primary sources.
These should be used when we cannot use a primary source for context-specific reasons, for example, when the resources to be used are limited or when the source that has been selected is not reliable. In general, we use it to confirm our findings or to find the content of our information from a primary source and to plan our study (s).
Tertiary sources
These sources that give us a physical or virtual guide which contains information on secondary sources, these are part of the collection of fundamentals of the library. These sources facilitate the control and the passage to any reference repertoire, an example is the reference work guides, this transported to a single type such as the famous and well-known bibliographies.
The following image represents the types of information sources and examples through a conceptual map.
Below are other types of information sources.
The information respects its nature
Qualitative
This type of information is that which is obtained through a description by observing the subject of investigation. In this type of information, they are described based on situations, events, people, behaviors which are possible to observe. This type of research generally includes data on attitudes, feelings, thoughts and reflections, this type of information is carried out through various techniques, participant observation, which means that they are encounters, visits to the place or person to write, these data in general They are not numerical, on the contrary they are based on descriptions of conclusions obtained.
Quantitative
We can examine this type of information through numerical data. It can be obtained through surveys, statistics of these can be obtained percentages, this information is obtained and can be accounted for.
Information can be sorted upon availability
Internal information
This type of information refers to the movement of information within the company. This type of information is stored within the company and is aimed at decision making. From this we must say that the information that has no internal flow and is only stored, said information has no value, from this we can say that the information must be important for its subsequent use in strategic decisions in the company.
Internal information can become operational, this information is the result of the daily operation of the company, for example: the generation of knowledge, exploitation of creative capacities, design of new products, new administrative or productive processes, among others.
External information
Otherwise, the external information is from the macroenvironment of the company, in other words, it is from the external environment. This information is captured by the company from the daily activities of the company in the market to which it is directed, such as information, technology, customers, suppliers, among others. However, we must mention that there is indirect information that influences the organization, but generally has no influence on the daily transactions of the company or organization that is in its influence.
Fuzzy information
The term fuzzy information refers to refers to information that is unclear or imprecise for its correct understanding. This type of information blocks companies from being able to understand the true value of the meaning of the information that is the objective of reporting. Information is fuzzy when data that is interrelated cannot reach its analysis.
An example regarding this is when the internal information of an organization is analyzed, we can obtain data on sales, production, inventory, this type of data is measured quantitatively, which is why it becomes clear information for compression and analysis. (Velásquez, 2012)
On the other hand, information becomes diffuse in a market study since people's tastes are taken into account in terms of the taste of a certain product. From the above, we can say that there will be variables that are difficult to measure in the study, which are subjective aspects of the product, qualifiers or emotions. The information is collected through surveys, later the information becomes difficult to measure, it becomes diffuse information, which is clear for a good understanding.
Diffuse information can be understood as a set of data that can hardly be processed or analyzed, in order to obtain information that is truthful, with which tools can be given to individuals and guide them in making decisions for the company.
It can be said that the management and use of diffuse information within organizations is of utmost importance since you can have a huge amount of data, but if we cannot transform it into information that is digestible for the company, it will hardly be able to help to the upper management or departments in a company to be able to make decisions.
Considering the above, we can say that the diffuse information is all the information that is generated inside and outside the company but that lacks an order, a hierarchy and a specific use in it, it is also that which does not have a support and its provenance is doubtful.
The process of fuzzy information
This process must be implemented from the top, since it is in charge of promoting the information needs, from a strategic point of view that will be useful for the company.
The steps are the following:
Step 1
Information need
It is the process that arises with the concern of knowledge about different aspects such as:
The internal and external environment of the organization.
Organizational interests and objectives Clients, Systems and Technologies.
Step 2
Information search
It is based on a schedule of activities that contains all the data necessary for the activities of the company.
Step 3
Obtaining all kinds of information (Fuzzy information)
It is usual that when information is sought, a large amount of unclassified, disorganized, unstable information is obtained, giving the impression that it lacks substance and form.
Step 4
Use of tools to locate clear information
These are the result of clarifying and facilitating the compression of the information. They are used such as.
Quantitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
Diffuse logic
Step 5
Information evaluation
This stage is very important since it is discovered how some people react to the objectives or information needs.
Step 6
Processing and production control
This processing is carried out in order to understand, signify, locate and differentiate in time-space, know, express and convince so that it will later benefit the organization and achieve its success.
Process 7
Decision making
It is a very good instrument for making clear, truthful and timely decisions. (Escobar, 2013)
The process is illustrated as follows
conclusion
Due to today's market that is so globalized, new challenges have arisen such as competitiveness, together with this, information plays a great role so that companies today have permanence and the ability to be able to react and adapt to the environment. so changeable that it exists.
If companies achieve this objective, an added value will be generated which includes the aforementioned aspects such as the types of information and the sources from which they come.
In conclusion, it can be noted that diffuse information creates a certain amount of problems within companies, thus causing lost delays among other effects. For this circumstance, the analysis of diffuse information is so relevant to reach the good management of the company.
Thesis proposal
Implement a program which is given variables and can select the relevant information for the company and discard the irrelevant in order to avoid fuzzy information.
Thanks
To the Technological Institute of Orizaba for giving me the opportunity to train professionally and to Professor Fernando Aguirre y Hernández for all the knowledge he has shared with us in his subject Fundamentals of Engineering.
References
- 27000.es, I. (2012). ISO 27000.es. Retrieved from http://www.iso27000.es/sgsi.html Cuahua, AT (March 05, 2016). Gestiopolis. Obtained from http://www.gestiopolis.com/fuentes-informacion-manejo-informacion-difusa/Escobar, D. d. (November 21, 2013). Gestiopolis. Obtained from http://www.gestiopolis.com/manejo-de-informacion-difusa-en-la-organizacion/Franco, LG (March 05, 2016). Gestiopolis. Obtained from http://www.gestiopolis.com/informacion-difusa-necesidad-informacion/Oyarzu, CB (Wednesday, January 4, 2012). Geographical Methods. Obtained from http://coontyy.blogspot.mx/2012/01/ficha-de-lectura-n-7.htmlSalazar. (sf). sildsharet. Obtained from http://es.slideshare.net/johannysalazarM/tipos-defuentes-de-informacionSánchez, LR (March 14, 2012). Gestioplis. Retrieved from http: //www.gestiopolis.com / the-use-of-fuzzy-information-in-business-decision-making / Tegnologia, t. (November 13, 2013). Company information security. Obtained from http://tecnologia.technology/seguridad-de-la-informacion-en-laempresa.htm Velásquez, JA (June 5, 2012). Gestiopolis. Obtained from
