INTRODUCTION
John F. Sowa, American mathematician (1940).
In today's world where information has taken on a preponderant role and has even become the secret weapon of many organizations, and on which success or failure depends, it is necessary to provide clear, timely, concise information.
Unfortunately, it is common to make mistakes by not correctly handling the information received, inside or outside the organization and this can lead us to make the wrong decisions by taking erroneous data as a reference.
Therefore it is worth explaining the importance of information within organizations and how diffuse information can be considered a barrier for them and how to attack it.
DEFINITIONS
information
The information is made up of a set of interrelated data that are previously processed and analyzed, which form a message that alters the state of knowledge of the recipient.
Diffuse
Vague, imprecise. (RAE, 2016)
Once the information that changes the state of knowledge in a person has been acquired, this will allow decision-making according to the new knowledge acquired through the information.
COMPANY ASSETS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Within the assets that a company has to produce profits are tangible assets, which are generally considered the most precious for companies, they are characteristic because they are easily identifiable and perceived by the senses, for example raw materials, stocks, land, machinery, among others. Another element is intangible assets, these are of a non-material nature.
Intangible assets provide privileges to the companies that own them, these assets generate added value in it. Some examples of intangible assets are: copyrights, patents, trademarks, information technology and databases, as well as Know How. The latter are considered today in some more important cases. than tangible assets.
A company becomes more competitive when they derive the most benefit from the information it obtains from its environment. The importance of the information is that it generates an increase in the user's knowledge, or in reducing uncertainties. In this sense, the information will allow individuals to make decisions that lead them to achieve the objectives and goals proposed within the organization.
Information characteristics:
- It must fulfill its main function, this is to increase user knowledge or reduce uncertainties that exist. In this case, the information is measured in relation to the help it generates for individuals so that they can make decisions within the company, in relation to the established objectives or goals. It must generate competitiveness factors, To improve competitiveness it is necessary to obtain the information before competitors, which requires a good collection, capture and processing of data so that the information obtained can be analyzed.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION
The information of a company can be classified according to various criteria:
- Internal: When the information is generated within the same company, this information can be from the production process, accounting information, HR information, interdepartmental or managerial information External: When the information comes from sources that are not in the physical space of the company, and can be information from customers, suppliers, government information, the business sector.
Depending on the degree of elaboration, the sources are divided into
- Primary: The information is in its origin and must be prepared for the first time and in a specific way. Secondary: The information that was previously prepared and was generated for another purpose that does not necessarily have to coincide with the unit of the company.
The information is also classified according to its nature:
- Qualitative: It is the information that is obtained through the description, the observation of the topic to be investigated. Detailed descriptions are included based on situations, events, people, and behaviors that can be observed. This information includes data on attitudes, thoughts and reflections, it is carried out using different techniques: participant observation, that is, encounters, visits to the place or person to be investigated, the data obtained is not numerical, but is based on descriptions of the conclusions obtained. Quantitative: It is the information with which the data can be examined numerically. You can perform statistics, and obtain certain percentages, that is, the information obtained can be counted.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION TOOLS
Fuzzy information tools arise with the need to clarify and facilitate the understanding of information and thus be able to create knowledge in the person who analyzes it.
Here are some tools that can be useful for handling fuzzy information:
- Data analysis and classification: which are presented in two quantitative forms; When they are presented in numerical form, it is generally clearer because their measurement and analysis is easy, objective and concrete, as well as being able to use some software that greatly facilitates obtaining information for decision-making. Qualitative when the data are measured based on subjective concepts, therefore the information becomes difficult to understand. Fuzzy Logic: The imprecision can be related to any type of data according to its characteristics. In some cases, a concept can have different meanings depending on the context and the times. For example, the temperature can vary in many contexts, a sunny day will not be the same in winter or spring time,so the description of what a warm day would be varies by a few degrees depending on the season of the year and the place. (Luna, 2002) The Likert scale has the honor of being one of the most popular and used items in surveys. Unlike dichotomous questions with a yes / no answer, the Likert scale allows us to measure attitudes and to know the degree of agreement of the respondent with any statement that we propose. It is especially useful to use it in situations in which we want the person to qualify their opinion. In this sense, the response categories will help us to capture the intensity of the respondent's feelings towards said statement. (Llaurado, 2014) Maieutics: to determine if the information obtained is diffuse, the following questions should be raised:
- Is it adequate to the needs of the business or company? Is it accessible enough for those members of the organization who need it taking into account the right time and place? Is it accurate and complete? Is it safe referring to accessibility, integrity and reliability Does it have duplications or not?
It is also useful to eliminate as far as possible the diffuseness of the information, taking into account the following points:
- Express the information in the same language of the recipient to whom it is addressed, literally speaking, if it is Chinese in Mandarin, if it is Brazilian in Portuguese Know the person or group to whom the information is addressed, this to use words that they can understand, using unfamiliar terms may cause the information transmitted to be unclear and create confusion Try to express yourself in the technical or colloquial language of the place or area you are going to Check the status of the devices of the information to be obtained.
CASES OF BUSINESS BANKRUPTCY DUE TO DIFFUSE INFORMATION
- Pan Am case
What was it? Pan American World Airways was the largest airline in the US for decades. It was one of the companies that contributed the most to promoting transoceanic transport between Europe and America, as well as inaugurating some new lines over the Pacific. But after the 1973 oil crisis, costs began to rise, making the company much less profitable. In addition to the high cost of fuel, the demand dropped considerably and the competition was getting tougher.
What did he do wrong? To try to correct the negative trend, Pan Am invested millions in a new fleet of Boeing 747s with expectations that the demand for transoceanic travel would continue to rise, something that did not happen. To try to compensate for the new competition on international lines, the company tried to operate new national destinations. Pan Am was too specialized in transoceanic flights and in the domestic market the routes were well covered with companies that had been offering their services for years, so it was slow to adapt. At the same time, those same companies that started with domestic flights were entering the international market, which meant more competition for the company. This situation and the growing terrorist threat (such as the Lockerbie attack in 1988) precipitated the ruin of the company,which declared bankruptcy in 1991.
PYMSA case
What was it? A company of the FEMSA group located in the city of Orizaba Ver, which was dedicated to machining the corks for the beverages of the same group (Cuauhtémoc-Moctezuma brewery, Coca-Cola), had a captive market with the companies of the same group and also It was a supplier of bottle caps for regional companies such as Jarochito.
What did he do wrong? In 1992, the PET screw caps entered the Mexican soft drink market, in that same year the machinery of the PYMSA company was renewed and the consumer of soft drinks rejected the plastic screw cap. This did not happen, and on the contrary, its use increased, since due to its price and versatility of uses, it set the standard for new increasingly larger packaging presentations, going from the classic half-liter soft drink to the 3-liter soft drink. This led to a significant drop in sales of the cork, which led to its final closure in the same decade of the 90's.
CONCLUSION
The companies that handle information have taken a leading role in the global economy, even companies with minimal physical infrastructure, have an important market value, thanks to the information generation and management systems, for example Google or Facebook.
For this reason, information has become an important factor within companies, which must implement measures to eliminate the diffuseness of the information they receive, and thus be able to make correct decisions.
SOURCES CONSULTED
- https://metodologiaecs.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/meisxxi_4_modelos-para-elmanejo_1_2015.pdf http://www.grandespymes.com.ar/2012/03/26/administracion-economiaempredamientos-finanzas-marketing-rr -hh-new-management-of-diffuse-information-indispensable-tool-for-decision-making / https: //www.netquest.com/blog/es/blog/es/la-escala-de-likert -que-es-y-comuseilizarlahttp: //expansion.mx/especiales/2014/12/26/10-errores-en-la-comunicacion-de-unaempresahttp: //www.americaeconomia.com/analisis-opinion/empresas -lose-the-business-due-to-mishandling-of-informationhttp: //diariodeuncordobes.blogspot.mx/2012/02/la-evolucion-de-los-envases-derefresco.html
