The administration has been shaped over time, using the scientific method; This leads in the first place to the method of the analytical study of experiences; then there is the experimental one, in which the researcher tries to apply certain stimuli to the human assemblages he is studying to detect the reactions of the human element. Then there is the comparative study, which consists of establishing comparisons between given moments in relation to a phenomenon.
If we apply an administrative principle to a whole, it is possible to expect that in most of the times we apply it, the result will have some similarity, but there may necessarily be deviations, in which there is a perfect cause and effect relationship.
Keywords: Scientific method, administration, analytical, comparative
From the moment two or more people agree to develop a common purpose, the administrative act arises; They are practically entering what is the heart of the administration where the way to develop the actions has to be planned and establish an order by organizing individual efforts in a coordinated way.
As technology advances, administrators realize the high responsibility of carrying out administration, taking into account new approaches and that their application becomes more complex, so it is important to study this science.
The administrative process is a "Set of successive stages that occur in the development of the company's activities and through which the programmed results are obtained." It comprises four stages: planning, organization, direction and control. These are the foundation, the core part of the administration.
The administrative process is universal as is the administration, it does not have borders that tie the knowledge of this important area. The administration is more complex every day due to the competitiveness of the environment, globalization, technological advances, due to the needs of man to achieve success in any activity he undertakes. And like any science, the administration contains its own principles and characteristics that govern and consolidate it as such.
The methods that the administration uses to analyze the situations are: the deduction where it starts from a general frame of reference and goes towards a particular case; induction, which tries to generalize the knowledge obtained on one occasion to other similar cases or occasions that may arise in the future; the analytical one that consists of the separation of the parts of a whole, in order to study them separately, thus examining the relationships between them; the synthetic one, that includes the rational assembly of several dispersed elements in smaller totality. These methods are applied through observation and experimentation. Regarding the definition of administration, there is not a universal one, there are many elaborated by different authors.
The Schools of Administration are orientations and interpretations that groups of administration scholars usually give to administrative phenomena. Among them are the Empirical School, which studies complete experiences; The School of Human Behavior studies by observing behavior, interpersonal relationships; The School of the Social System studies what formal organization is, that is, all that set of principles, fundamental tools that help us to organize a company; and finally, the Mathematical School. There are mathematical theorists who argue that administration being a science with a logical sense, it can be subjected to mathematical models and apply these models at a given moment.
Some authors have considered administration as art because to apply it it is necessary to have certain potentialities, abilities and skills to use the organized set of knowledge. When a technique is done in a masterly way, we are in the presence of an artist in the handling of that technique, because in the administration it is also. The administrator who is capable of interpreting a phenomenon and applying a series of administrative measures to lead it to where the pre-established goals go, also necessarily has to be an artist in administration, in such a way that we can conclude that administration is a science and its application effective and correct constitutes what is called an art.
REFERENCES
- Hitt, M. Ireland, R. and Robert H. (2000), Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization concepts, 4th edition, Mexico, Thomson Editores Reyes, Agustín, (2000), Business Administration: theory and practice, Mexico, Limusa, Noriega editors Koontz, Harold; Weihrich, Heinz. (1998). "Administration, A Global Perspective". 11th Edition. Mexico: Editorial Mc Graw Hill. Mexico
