Introduction
All the activities that are carried out in a company are carried out by people. These daily interactions allow the objectives of the organization to be achieved, however the task is not individual, but has to do with a whole context, from the different groups that exist in companies to the environment, that is, the way to communicate with clients, suppliers, financial entities, government, etc. (Andrés Rodríguez Fernandez, 2004)
Mood influences the way information is processed, human beings tend to selectively encode information according to its congruence, feelings can indirectly bias individual decision-making, hence psychology considers that perception, attention, learning, memory and judgments made about any event in the organization can be influenced by emotions, which can allow the manager to make subjective decisions. (Gomez, 2014)
That is why the managers of any company, regardless of its size, must consider the psychological aspects in making decisions to do so assertively.
Development
Decisions in the company, in a regular way, are taken by managers, departmental heads, supervisors, people who lead work teams, constantly carry out processes to determine the course of action.
It is important to define the decision-making process:
It is the result of a discussion process between different groups of people with conflicting interests (…) in decision-making, the formal structure of the company, the informal structure, the standardized procedures and the communication channels must be considered. (Joan Ramón Sanchis Palacio, 1999)
That is, every decision must be made based on information and communication, the individual must analyze, organize, make the decision, execute it and be aware of the results.
According to the author, there are three fundamental factors that influence and impact the decision-making process, these are:
- Descriptive theories. They are the attempts to describe the cognitive, effective and behavioral processes that people carry out when making decisions. Explanatory theories. It seeks to explain the cognitive processes, provides bases to plan, control and manipulate the action. Prescriptive models. They are the fundamental ideas that will improve the decision making that people make. (Duque, nd)
This allows the individual to conceptualize the information that is relevant, to use it in decision-making, however, being an individual, they can sometimes decide subjectively by being influenced by emotions, judgments, temperament, character, personality, etc..
According to Professors Hammond, Keeney and Raifa from Harvard University, there are eight steps in the decision process:
- Tackle the correct problem to find the correct decision. What is the problem? Clarify the real objectives. Delineate scope and results. Develop alternate lines to conduct the project. Consider creativity and flexibility. Understand the consequences of decision making. Create an effects matrix to measure the impacts of the project. It accurately measures the decisions that are made or not made. You must be critical in choosing the decisions to wait. Manage with sensitivity the stages of uncertainty. Maturity and patience in difficult periods. Take care of risk aversion. Know how to balanceAnticipate the decisions that link the project. Understand the value chain (Mena, 2015)
As can be seen, elements such as patience, maturity, creativity, balance, assertiveness, are characteristics in which a manager or project leader has to work, knowing how to address the above allows developing adequate communication strategies with subordinates and with the environment in general.
As Carbó Ponce mentions:
The application of psychological techniques in the internal sphere of company communications is the guarantee of the correct external relationship of the organization with the consumer. A harmonious relationship between the company and the consumer cannot be expected if internally, for example, it maintains coercive or aggressive relationships towards workers. (Ponce, 2000)
That is why the influence of psychological factors in the execution of organizational processes begins to make a difference in the performance of employees and the results of the company.
It is important to find the link between what is known about human behavior and the applications that this may have in companies, definitely obtaining different behaviors, prevention of professional risks and design of adequate programs to improve work and the results of organization, is what can be achieved with psychological intervention. (Ponce, 2000)
Areas in which the current company applies psychology
| Area | Application |
| Human and personal resources | Selection of personnel, interview technique, job evaluation, psychotechnical tests, safety and hygiene at work, group work technique. |
| Training of specialized personnel. | Courses and seminars on human relations, customer service, sales techniques, negotiation techniques, mediation techniques, direction and personnel management, command training, training techniques, telemarketing, communication techniques, |
| Marketing | Strategies for consumption, advertising production, product presentation, public relations, evaluation and effectiveness of communication. |
How the application of psychology can be observed becomes a very useful tool to promote the incorporation, retention and motivation of staff, as well as training in specific areas where human interaction is important and finally appeal to the psychological part of the consumer and promote sales efficiently.
conclusion
In this globalized world, companies have to find differentiation factors, achieve innovation, be competitive, this is what will allow them to adapt to the current panorama full of changes, the role of the CEO becomes transcendental, since through their vision, leadership and drive, the organization achieves its objectives efficiently, promoting organizational development in the company. As Fernando Zepeda says:
Organizational development is the art of facilitating change in organizations with the aim of creating teams capable of learning from their own experiences and achieving the maximum possible development. (Herrera, 2003)
This is the field where the CEO must consider all strategies to work with work teams, conciliation of conflicts, interpersonal relationships, individual change strategies, incorporating positive psychology as a fundamental support area in the management of these strategies,
Positive Psychology, aims to investigate the strengths and human virtues; and the effects of these in the lives of people and in societies. (Godoy, 2004)
This allows promoting the creation and maintenance of mature, humane, productive organizations that allow human development and the implementation and maintenance of organizational culture and development.
THESIS PROPOSAL
Design and implementation of an administrative reengineering program, to promote organizational development through the application of positive psychology
OBJECTIVE
Apply the principles of positive psychology in the administrative reengineering program: organizational development and culture area.
Bibliography
- Andrés Rodríguez Fernandez, ea (2004). Organizational Psychology. Barcelona: UOC Duque, GA (nd). National university of Colombia. Obtained from the National Directorate of Academic Innovation, Faculty of Administration: http://www.virtual.unal.edu.co/cursos/sedes/manizales/4010014/Contenidos/Capitulo2/Pages/2.3/23Toma_decisiones_continuacion.htmGodoy, CG (2004). Positive psychology: a change in our classical pathological approach. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 82-88.Gomez, RS (2014). Management and psychology in companies and organizations. Madrid: ESIC.Herrera, FZ (2003). Introduction to Psychology, a humanistic scientific vision. Mexico: Prentice Hall. Joan Ramón Sanchis Palacio, DR (1999). Creation and management of SMEs. Díaz de Santos.Mena, CD (September 29, 2015). Forbes Mexico.Obtained from 8 steps to make the right decisions: http://www.forbes.com.mx/8-pasos-para-tomar-decisiones-acertadas/Ponce, EC (2000). Manual of applied psychology to business, volume 2. Barcelona: Granica.
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Chief Executive Officer, General Manager.
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