The analysis of the environmental impact of coastal ecosystems is addressed, in search of a balance between: sustainable development, tourist activity and natural environment. The methodology for the evaluation of the Environmental Impact in hotel facilities in the exploitation stage, starts from a report prepared by the Consulting, making adjustments to its initial structure in the identification and evaluation of environmental variables, the determination of the Impact Classification index (CLI), a qualitative and quantitative method to determine the magnitude of the impacts of the construction project, showing differences between the forecast made in 2005 in relation to the 2009 diagnosis.
Key Words: Sustainable development, tourist activity, hotel facilities, environmental impact.
Introduction
It is important to highlight that designing sustainable tourism development projects, taking the environmental variable as a starting point, makes it possible for possible impacts to be avoided from the beginning, and that is the fundamental objective proposed in this EIA.
Compliance with the policies and criteria set forth in the Ecological Planning Program of the Varadero territory, together with the preparation of environmental studies prior to the design of architectural projects, considerably reduces the environmental impacts that construction and exploitation actions could generate on the sensitive areas that concern us in the Punta Hicacos area.
It is necessary to clarify that we start from the Environmental Impact study of the Laguna Mangón Tourism Development project (Parcel B) that has been prepared by the ENIA Pro-Environment Consultancy, accredited by Resolution 67/2002 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment Environment (CITMA). (Appendix 1). The environmental effect of this landfill appears in the “Environmental Impact Study of the extraction and storage of marine sediments in the landfill of the lagoon up to the final elevation and the project for beach recovery in the Punta Hicacos sector” carried out by GEOCUBA in 2003. Subsequently, the National Company for Applied Research (UIC Matanzas) presented an Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental specialists participated in it, contributing to the identification and evaluation of the impacts generated in the different stages,as well as guiding corrective or preventive measures to mitigate its negative effects.
For its execution, the following works were carried out in accordance with the “Guidelines for the realization of Environmental License Applications and Environmental Impact Studies” prepared by the Center for Environmental Inspection and Control of CITMA in 2001
In the 2007 National Environmental Strategy it is stated that the relations between the research sector, scientific knowledge, as well as the protection and sustainable use of natural resources have been intensified and deepened. It is one of the principles, as a key element of Cuban environmental management, the emphasis on the integration of the coastal zone and an ecosystem approach to solve environmental problems, recognizing as one of them, the loss of biological diversity caused by various anthropic processes that are expressed more critically in those fragile ecosystems such as mangroves, forests and remaining thickets than Cuba's original coverage was.
One aspect to be considered in said strategy is the need for the collective construction of a sustainable development model to go through the definition of a group of indicators that allow the state of the environment to be measured. They provide information regarding different areas of protection, as well as the processes of uses and the effective flow of the information itself (National Environmental Strategy, 2007).
Taking into account the principle of sustainability, the development of the tourist activity must be planned and managed in a way that does not cause serious environmental, economic or social problems in the Tourist Destinations of Sol y Playa. Tourist activities generate a considerable impact on the environment of destinations that currently host this modality. The overall environmental quality of the beach must be maintained at all costs and still be improved without affecting tourist satisfaction. The future competitiveness of the Caribbean in the global market will depend, to a large extent, on its intimate relationship with global culture and the life of communities, maintaining the natural resource in its sustainable development, the availability of which will be a determining factor in the destinations visited.Only those who manage the attractions and attributes rationally and with sustainability criteria will have a secure future.
The object of study in the present investigation is to apply a methodology for the evaluation of the Environmental Impact in hotel facilities in the exploitation stage. In this sense, the field of action for the development of the research is the Iberostar Laguna Azul Hotel, located in the Varadero Tourist Pole and belonging to the Gaviota SA hotel group.
Among the factors referenced in the scientific bibliography, related to the necessary and essential documentation on the subject matter under study, it is necessary to analyze the relationship of the evaluation of environmental impact with sustainable development, the functional stages of an EIA system and the processes of evaluation, the need to know the international experiences in the management of EIA systems, the main information systems and data analysis for environmental variables and the use of environmental indicators.
In consideration of the above, it is appropriate to point out the need for the current research that consists of applying a methodology for the evaluation of Environmental Impacts for the hotel product in the process of exploitation, accompanied by its corresponding objectives, goals and action plan for its subsequent monitoring and follow-up with the prospect of achieving sustainable performance of hotel management in the operating phase. His scientific problem lies in:
How to proceed for the evaluation of the Environmental Impact in hotel facilities in the exploitation stage based on an investment program in hotel constructions, supported by a process approach and the multi-criteria paradigm?
In correspondence with the scientific problem, the following scientific questions are asked:
- What theoretical and scientific precepts contextualize the problem of evaluating the Environmental Impact of biodiversity, coastal ecosystems and tourism development and the environment, as well as the policy of the construction programs of new hotel investments in coastal ecosystems? How to adapt the application of a Methodology for evaluating the Environmental Impact of hotel facilities in the exploitation stage based on an investment program for newly created hotels How to proceed to apply a methodology for evaluating the Environmental Impact of hotel facilities in the exploitation stage located in coastal ecosystems?
As a derivation of the scientific problem described above, the following is stated:
General Objective: Apply an environmental impact assessment methodology to hotel facilities in the exploitation stage
To fulfill the general objective, the following specific objectives are stated:
- Prepare the theoretical framework of research based on conceptualizing biodiversity, coastal ecosystems, tourism development, hotel products and tourism development policy and the environment in the context of the problem of environmental impact of construction programs of hotel activity. Describe the methodology for the evaluation of the Environmental Impact in hotel facilities in the exploitation stage. Apply the methodology for the evaluation of the Environmental Impact in the Iberostar Laguna Azul Hotel.
Among the methods and procedures used in the research study, the following can be mentioned:
- Analysis of documents: Reports of the Tourism Sector to the different instances, Magazines and Scientific Articles, Diploma, Master's and Doctoral Theses, Resolutions of the Ministry of Tourism, and of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, practical guides, among others Direct observation Interviews
Development
Methodology for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact in hotel facilities.
The main antecedents of the design of this management model are the works referring to the Multi-criteria Analysis Method in environmental decisions, the EIA Fuzzy Techniques Method, Duarte (2000), Pressure-State-Response Model; by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Environmental Impact Assessment Model, LE Sánchez. (2007).
In the application of some of the theoretical methods, mention should be made, for example, of the extensive bibliography on the subject and the synthesis necessary for its use; analysis of the environmental impact assessment carried out for the execution of the work by the Environmental Inspection and Control Center (CICA and the integrated management of the Coastal Zone by specialists from the ALMEST Real Estate Agency), in the course of the last twenty years and most renowned schemes and management models for sustainability, implemented by different countries and institutions in the world and specifically in our Hicacos peninsula by specialists on this subject in question.
Methodologies used for environmental impact assessment
Numerous methods have been used in evaluating the environmental impact of projects. The most widely used methods tend to be simple, including checklists, expert opinions (professional opinions). Furthermore, different methods may not have uniform applicability in all countries due to differences in their legislation, procedural frameworks, environmental standards, and environmental stewardship programs.
One of the first classifications made by Warner and Bromley in 1974 relates to the methods in five groups: "ad hoc" methods, graphic techniques using maps and overlays, checklists, matrices and diagrams.
Carmer and Sadler classified the methodologies for the EIA into twenty-two groups and due to their importance we have:
- Checklists: This is the most frequently used, they represent useful reminders as they contain a series of impacts or questions that the user will attend to or answer as part of the impact study. The method widely used in checklists is the Leopold Method, based on the cause-effect relationship according to the characteristics of each project. It performs its own classification on the numerical scale between 1 and 10. It does not contemplate a methodology to determine the magnitude or importance of an impact. Checklists focused on decisions: They represent a group of methods, which are initially referred to comparing alternatives and lead to a balance analysis, it has an analysis phase and a synthesis phase, with their respective checklists.Environmental cost-benefit analysis (Enviromental Cost-Benefit Analysis ECBA): This method complements the traditional cost-benefit with additional attention to natural resources and their economic value, estimation techniques vary in complexity and scope, but have had considerable demand between professionals and users (Azqueta, 1994) Expert opinion or Professional Opinion: This method is normally used to point out the specific impacts of a project on the different environmental components. This tool within the category of expert opinion includes Delphi studies and the use of the environmental assessment process. This approach identifies appropriate information and develops qualitative / quantitative models to predict impacts or to simulate environmental processes.Expert system: Consists of collecting professional knowledge and expert judgment in specific and current subject areas. Attention is being increased to the more exhaustive expert system for EIA processesIndices or indicators: Refers to specific characteristics of environmental or resource factors, they are used to represent parameters of amplitude of means or resources with numerical information or cataloged information. It is used as an auxiliary system to describe the affected environments as well as for the prediction and evaluation of impacts. Numerical or descriptive indices have been developed as a measure of vulnerability of the environment and resources, to contamination or other human actions, and have proven useful in comparing locations for a proposed activity.On these bases, measures can be formulated to minimize environmental impacts and include controls. Landscape evaluation: They are useful for the evaluation of aesthetic or visual resources, based on the development of a series of indicators with an overall score or index for the Environmental scenario Interaction matrices: Represents a method widely used in EIAs. The variation of the simple interaction matrices have been developed to emphasize desirable characteristic traits, very useful for the use of various activities within the EIA. Networks: Useful to show the relationship between primary, secondary and tertiary impacts, the relationships between projected actions and resulting environmental impacts. It can be a tool for identifying impacts. Qualitative modeling:Considered as an extension of the network categories, described above, it represents the only type of method available for impact prediction and typically based on expert opinion (professional advice). Quantitative modeling: Refers to a large group of experts, used to pay early attention to changes in the environment or resources as a result of proposed actions and are available for many typical impact actions associated with projects.used to pay early attention to changes in the environment or resources as a result of proposed actions and are available for many typical impact actions associated with projects.used to pay early attention to changes in the environment or resources as a result of proposed actions and are available for many typical impact actions associated with projects.
Multicriteria analysis method in environmental decisions
Decision theory has been extensively studied in the field of economics and engineering. The drive in the seventies of the multicriteria decision model with a positive (empirical) approach, arguing that economic agents seek a balance or compromise between a set of objectives usually in conflict and aims to satisfy as far as possible a series of goals associated with these objects.
The situations in which a decision maker is confronted with an election, in the presence of multiple criteria, are very numerous. The decision-maker is in a position to choose between several possibilities called alternatives, the set of which constitutes the so-called set of choice. To choose in this set of choice, the decision maker has different points of view, called criteria.
Multicriteria analysis has realism and readability in its favor, which are important activities in the organization, the decision is by definition the place of expression of a political choice in the broadest sense of the term, or business if you prefer.
EIA Fuzzy Techniques Method
Fuzzy techniques can help overcome difficulties presented by current EIA methodologies related to the combination of quantitative and qualitative information, and in the presence of uncertainty.
Duarte (2000) proposes a new methodology using computer systems with words based on fuzzy arithmetic. This fuzzy methodology can be understood as an extension of the conventional methodology (crips) to fuzzy numbers, with the purpose of:
- Incorporate the possibility of defining variables with uncertainty. Manipulate numerical and linguistic variables in a unified framework. Characterize the corrective measures that must be taken to ensure that the total impact has an "allowed" value.
www.tesisenxarxa.net/.pdf
Pressure-State-Response Model.
This PER model incorporates the environmentally relevant social and economic sectoral trends that are responsible for the situation (driving forces), as well as the adverse effects of detected state changes on human health and behavior, the environment, the economy and society. (impacts). (Aguirre, 2006).
Source: Taken from agro-environmental and development indicators as a support tool for the sustainable management of rural areas Zaragoza, Spain (2006).
This scheme was used , as an analytical tool to categorize or classify information on natural and environmental resources in light of their interrelationships with partner demographic and economic activities. The scheme is based on the following set of interrelationships: human activities exert pressure (P) on the environment, thereby modifying the quantity and quality, that is, the state (E) of natural resources; society responds (R) to such transformations with general and sectoral policies - both environmental and socioeconomic - which affect and feed back on the pressures of human activities (Quintana et al., 2005).
This scheme was designed by Statistics Canada in 1979 and taken up and adapted by the United Nations for the preparation of some manuals on environmental statistics, designed for integration into the physical and economic accounting systems. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) adopted and modified the PER scheme in 1991 and in 1993 defined a group of environmental indicators.
Environmental Impact Assessment Model
Figure 2.2 Environmental impact assessment process, Sánchez. (2007).
In the event that the work is implemented, the environmental impact assessment continues, through the application of management measures recommended in the environmental impact study by monitoring the actual impacts caused by the activity, no more, consequently, as an exercise in forecasting future consequences, but through the comparison between the situation after the implementation of the work and the previous situation. A good environmental impact study will provide elements and information of great value for the environmental management of the work, especially if an environmental management system is adopted, according to the model recommended by ISO 14000.
Proposal of a system of indicators for the North Matanzas Environmental Observatory Project by the Matanzas Center for Environmental Services (CSAM).
Source: Taken from the project report of the Environmental Observatory of the North of Matanzas, 2005
Preliminary EIA study in plot B Laguna Mangón. Varadero
Firstly, the Environmental Inspection and Control Center (CICA) granted the ALMEST real estate company Environmental License No.6102 for the filling of the Laguna Mangón, advised by the Environmental Studies Division of the GEOCUBA Business Group, MINFAR and GEOCUBA Marine Studies. Havana, carrying out an Environmental Impact study that integrated and encompassed the Civil Executive Project "Extraction and Collection of marine sediments for the Laguna Mangón Landfill", aimed to provide a solution with an Executive Project scope to extraction by dredging 300,000 m 3of sand (in its natural state) and the creation of facilities to collect on land that volume of loan, which was used as a complement in the filling works in Laguna Mangón. (Photos 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3)
In November 2005, the ENIA Pro-Environment Consulting carried out a description of the entire construction project of the hotel facility, extensive descriptions of the ecosystem and the analysis of the possible impacts of the different actions included in the Environmental Impact Assessment Project, where a total of 9 large shocking actions were detected on 10 environmental factors. A total of 81 impacts were determined of which 9 were severe, the rest being classified as moderate.
Description of a methodology for evaluating the environmental impact of hotel facilities.
The preceding analysis in the previous section allows us to describe the methodology for evaluating the environmental impact with the appropriate adaptations for the case under study, the phases, stages and methods of which are detailed in scheme 2.1 for hotel facilities located in destinations. sun and beach and in the exploitation stage:
Phase I Characterization of the Punta Hicacos Sector.
Stage I: Characterize the components of this phase referring to history, seismic conditions and climate
In the development of this phase, the author intends to make a comprehensive description of the environmental history of Punta hicacos, attending to the aspects of the formation of the salt at the dawn of the 20th century, which occupied the area of Laguna Mangón, the incipient awakening of the tourist activity of this area and other aspects of interest related to its historical evolution
In this phase, the seismic conditions that identify this portion of the Varadero coastal strip should be addressed, specifying the incidence of atmospheric events such as earthquakes in the tectonic plate, an element to consider when planning the sustainable economic development of the territory, in accordance with the need to preserve the potential heritage and the already built.
Another component to characterize is the climate of the area, temperature, rainfall, winds, extreme conditions due to the possibility of the area being affected by a hurricane.
Methods: Documentary analysis, meteorological and seismic documentation. Rain measurements
Research methodological design
ENIA Pro-Environment Consulting, accredited by Resolution 67/2002 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA).
Phase II: Preliminary evaluation of the geographical space of the Mangón Lagoon.
In Stage 2, the elements identified with the environment of this natural space will be analyzed. This description is achieved by selecting a set of objectively verifiable environmental variables so that the ecosystem can be followed and evaluated over time and thus measure possible progress or setbacks, specifying it in terms of:
- Characterize the soils, if there has been modification of the natural substrate, degradative processes with the construction of hotels, in addition to geological-geomorphological elements, taking into account their evolutionary stages, their geological constitution, the structural plane and the spectra of marine geomorphological levels. surface and underground .It is very important to describe the existence of groundwater, alteration of the surface water regime. Analyze the levels of rainfall, runoff and evaporation, the influence of the hydrometeorological regime such as microclimatic variations, oceanographic characteristics. Water pollution is the alteration of its natural quality by human action, by a set of bacteriological, physical and chemical characteristics that water presents in its natural state in rivers, lakes, springs, underground or in the sea. To quantitatively evaluate the quality of these waters, we used the Water Quality Index (ICA) based on that of Martínez de Bascarón (1979), recommended by Conesa Fernández-Vítora (1995).
The expression used is as follows:
| Mathematical formulation | ICA = K Ci Pi / Pi |
| Description | Ci: Percentage value assigned to the different parameters.
Pi: Weight assigned to each parameter. K: Constant that varies its value depending on the characteristics of the water. (0.5 for contaminated water with a strong odor). |
Source: self made
Groundwater is a vital natural resource for the economical and safe supply of drinking water and plays a fundamental - but often unappreciated - role in the well-being of humans and many aquatic systems. Globally, aquifers are experiencing an increasing threat of pollution caused by urbanization, industrial development, agricultural activities, and many more causes. This obliges us to carry out proactive campaigns and practical actions aimed at protecting the natural quality of groundwater, which can be justified on the basis of criteria of environmental sustainability and land use planning. They are divided into:
- Groundwater (location of aquifer and level of use of groundwater, etc.) Surface water (location and description of surface water that could be influenced by human action.)
Flora: The analysis of the floristic values by formation allow to observe a dissimilar behavior. In the complex of sandy coast the species. change in the structure and composition of the vegetation, alteration of the strip of sunlight and shade
Fauna: Describe the ecological conditions that support the high presence of birds within the territory and the subsequent impacts that have occurred, evaluate the consequences of the fragmentation and disappearance of various habitats, and the natural ecological conditions.
State or loss of flora and fauna: One of the biggest challenges for tourism is protecting and conserving wildlife habitat while managing tourism needs. Diversity that living beings present, both at the level of individuals and species, and of interactions and associations between them. With a detailed description of:
- Terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and flora (identification of vegetation types in the area of the action; discussion of the characteristics of the vegetation and flora in the area, etc.) Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife (identification of wildlife species; discussion of the characteristics of wild fauna, etc.) Within the heading corresponding to birds, the region is made up of migratory bird species; resident species such as terns and between both groups, characteristic species of wetlands such as herons, ducks, teals and geese. González Fragoso, J. (1996).
Socio-economic and cultural environment: Refer the historical, archaeological and cultural values.
Landscape: Analyze the geographic space of the natural environment of the entire coastal ecosystem.
State of the landscape and protected areas: These are sites of special interest for physical, biological or cultural characteristics, they can also be for their tourist value, or of special interest for physical, biological or cultural characteristics. In addition to being sites of interest for their tourist value
Methods: To carry out this stage, information was collected through document analysis and bibliographic review.
Phase III: Identification of environmental impacts on environmental variables
Based on the study and analysis of the models identified in the development of section 2.1 referring to the Multicriteria Analysis Model in Environmental Decisions, the Diffuse EIA Techniques Model, Duarte (2000), Pressure-State-Response Model; by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Environmental Impact Assessment Model, LE Sánchez. (2007); constituting these, the main theoretical-methodological basis for the necessary adaptation of the Environmental Impact Assessment methodology to be applied in the development of the current research.
Then it is reworked from the document identified as Resolution 77/99 of the CITMA ¨ Regulation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process ”, which constitutes a theoretical and conceptual reference in addition to what has already been stated in section 2.1, for the identification of environmental variables that will be diagnosed during the operation process of the hotel facility.
Stage 3: This stage analyzes the actions that were carried out during the construction process of the facility. Subsequently, an assessment of each of the impacts will be made based on the environmental variables already identified in the preceding phase, to determine the impact rating (CLI), which describes its methodology in scheme 2.2, for its application in the operation phase of the hotel facility:
For the evaluation of the impacts it is a simplified variant of the one proposed by Conesa V. (1995), determining the importance of the impacts from ten main criteria by means of the following expression:
Methods: Methodology for evaluating impact assessment.
Diagram 2.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Phase IV Evaluation of environmental variables in the exploitation stage.
Stage 4: In the development of this stage, the environmental variables are diagnosed during the stage and operation of the hotel facility. Specialists from other institutions participate, such as: CITMA Environmental Services Center and specialists from the IPF in Varadero.
Method: Matrix technique to identify impacts in the exploitation stage.
Phase V: Plan of preventive, corrective and mitigation measures.
Stage 5: Developing the action plan represents the implementation of the results of the variables evaluated as CRITICAL and SEVERE, aimed at strengthening the coastal ecosystem.
The Initial presentation and discussion of the proposed Action Plan proceed with the participation of all those involved, who respond to the strategic, key and support processes of the hotel organization, starting with the preparation of files that facilitate its implementation. and for the elaboration of these files, the ones described by Díaz and Norman (2004) are taken as reference. The following strategic information is collected on this sheet:
Stage 6: Evaluation and monitoring. Systematically evaluate and monitor compliance with the action plan and the behavior of environmental variables based on the protection of the coastal ecosystem and the comprehensive sustainability of the hotel facility.
Methods: Group work techniques, document analysis and statistical data processing.
Impact Assessment on the natural resource beach
Natural resource: Coastal lagoons and mangroves: There are also negative effects for seabirds. When wetlands are lost due to filling these areas of sand that have historically become a refuge and stop for migratory routes of different species of seabirds, in addition to providing optimal conditions for various species of gulls and puffins to make their nests. Studies have indicated that boat traffic and tourism (hotel buildings) are factors that could negatively affect the breeding success of those birds there (Etayeb and Essghaier 2007).
Natural resource Beach: The presence of fine sands bathed by clean waters on sunny coasts constitutes one of the fundamental elements in choosing the place for a vacation stay. This singular space plays a fundamental role in the socioeconomic development of the coastal tourist municipalities. The coast constitutes a critical factor of production in the Spanish tourism industry (Yepes, 1995).
The dunes are fragile ecosystems with a high degree of endemism, with plants that are characteristic for being small and succulent, such as Ambronia maritima, Carpobrotus aequilaterus, are considered key because they play an important role as pioneers and sand fixers, which function as stabilizers for the dunes. In some cases there are also species that are characteristic of the coastal scrub, such as Simmondsia chinensis, Euphorbia misera, Aesculus parri, Ambrosia cheniopodifolia and Asclepias sp.
To guarantee their survival in conditions that meet the demands of their users, it is required to improve their conditions and avoid degradation processes. Thus, coastal management is essential to the success of any coastal receiving area that wants to maintain its competitive advantage.
For the evaluation of the natural resource Playa the author proposes the following Methodological Procedure (see diagram 2.3)
Diagram 2.3 Methodological procedure for evaluating the impact on the beach natural resource.
Conclusions:
- It is possible to conceptualize what refers to the evaluation of the Environmental Impact of biodiversity, coastal ecosystems, tourism development and the environment, as well as the policy of the construction programs of new hotel investments in coastal ecosystems, from the review of the specialized bibliography, authors, researchers and scientists of great international prestige associated with institutions and governing bodies of tourism development policies and strategies in the destination of Varadero. The application of the Environmental Impact Assessment methodology has allowed the assessment and analysis of the problems under investigation,achieving compatibility with sustainable hotel management in its exploitation stage based on the diagnosis of the environmental variables identified in the development of the research. The results derived from the application of the environmental impact assessment methodology show that the forecast made in the 2005 differs substantially in relation to the diagnosis made in 2009 where of the eight environmental variables diagnosed 38% are classified as SEVERE, 25% are valued as MODERATE and 13% as CRITICAL, appreciating the greater impact on the flora and fauna, followed by groundwater and landscape.Another result of the research to highlight is the evaluation of the Playa natural resource, classifying its stage of development based on the evaluation of the main components of this SATISFACTORY ecosystem, which contributes to enhancing the promotion and marketing of the Laguna hotel product. Blue.
recommendations
- Propose the generalization of the Environmental Impact Assessment methodology to construction projects in the exploitation phase based on the results derived from the research, making the appropriate adaptations in correspondence with the selected study object. Propose to the Economic Directorate the opening of accounts with the variables identified in the study that allow us to have a financial budget for the implementation of the actions, objectives and strategies derived from environmental management for the Laguna Azul Hotel. The implementation of the Action Plan that is proposed to mitigate the negative impacts on the environmental variables soil, air quality, groundwater, flora and fauna,and landscape with the aim of revitalizing in a certain way the original attributes that characterized these resources and that contributed patrimonial value to the natural environment. Suggest to the Board of Directors of the Laguna Azul Hotel the analysis and discussion of the main research results with the aim of accelerate the implementation process of the Program designed to mitigate the effects of the negative impact on environmental variables and hold each hotel process responsible for the fulfillment and execution of the tasks to be carried out.To suggest to the Board of Directors of the Hotel Laguna Azul the analysis and discussion of the main results of the research with the aim of accelerating the process of implementation of the Program designed to mitigate the effects of the negative impact on environmental variables and hold each of them accountable. hotel processes in the fulfillment and execution of the tasks to be carried out.To suggest to the Board of Directors of the Hotel Laguna Azul the analysis and discussion of the main results of the research with the aim of accelerating the process of implementation of the Program designed to mitigate the effects of the negative impact on environmental variables and hold each of them accountable. hotel processes in the fulfillment and execution of the tasks to be carried out.
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