Ex Situ conservation of species is a widely used tool in the Biology of conservation of threatened or endangered species, which is why in this report an ex situ conservation diagnosis of the Leopardus pardalis species will be made which is one of the many species in vulnerable conditions (IUCN, 2012).
conservation-leopardus-joseFEATURES FERBRERO MARCH MAY JUNE
| Weight | 1265 g | 1995 g | 2210 g | 3190 g |
| Total length | 52 cm | 61 cm | 63 cm | 87.5 cm |
| Tail Length | 18 cm | 21 cm | 21 cm | 29 cm |
| Long head | 11 cm | 14 cm | 14 cm | 14.3 cm |
| Flue length | 7 cm | 8 cm | 9 cm | 10 cm |
| Femur length | 9 cm | 10 cm | 10 cm | 11 cm |
| Abdominal circumference | 25 cm | 31 cm | 32 cm | 33 cm |
| Total forelimb | 15 cm | 16 cm | 17 cm | 23.5 cm |
| Total posterior limb | 18 cm | 19 cm | 32 cm | 30 cm |
| Total height (cross) | 19 cm | 21 cm | 22 cm | 25 cm |
| Frequencies (Cardiac / Respiratory) | 208/72 | 168/140 | 160/120 | 184/80 |
| Temperature | 39.6 ° C | 39.9 ° C | 34.4 ° C | 39.1 ° C |
Table N ° 2: Average weight and length of L. pardalis
FEATURE FERBRERO MARCH MAY JUNE
Weight (gr) 1.00 3.15 3.55 5.77
Total length (cm) 1.58 2.5 2.77 4
From the previous graph, the relationship in the growth and weight increase of L. pardalis can be observed in ex situ conditions, which makes us refer that said relationship is directly proportional. There is a significant weight and length gain between the months monitored, with a greater significance being observed between the months of May and June.
According to the morphological characteristics evaluated, it can be said that the growth rate of the tigrillo is proportional, since in the four months of monitoring, from the moment it enters the Center for Care and Assessment of Wild Fauna CAV - CVS, it obtains a Total length of 52 cm, regarding the end of the project completion time, which obtained a size gain of approximately 87.5 cm.
On the other hand, it should be noted that the weight gain was increasing over the months and the diets applied in the treatments used. At the time of entering the CAV, he was underweight because he was kept as a pet in a municipality of Córdoba (El tomato). When the initial weighing was carried out, he reached a weight of 1265 grams, which indicated that he was in a state of abandonment.
Finally, at the end of the project the animal reached a weight gain of 3,190 grams, it should be noted that the individual when he entered was a juvenile and at the end of the project he was still juvenile because they reach their maturity at 2 years and this entered at the CAV it was only 4 months old and at the time of its final weighing it was only 8 months old, so it can be said that it is within the weight range established by (Emmons, 1987), which says that a 2-year-old tigrillo reaches an average weight of 9 300 grams or 9.3 Kilos. (Table N ° 1)
5.2 EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENTS USED IN THE DIET OF
L. pardalis
Table N ° 3 Average consumption of the treatments used in the L. pardalis diet
AVERAGE CONSUMPTION TREATMENTS (gr) P - VALUE
| PIECE OF BEEF | 64.5 | P = 0.000511099 |
| LIVE FOOD (CHICKEN) | 2356.6 | P = 0.000511 |
| CHICKEN HAM (FROZEN) | 2002.5 | P = 0.0000 |
Kruskal-Wallis test TREATMENTS
| Sample Size | of | Rank
Average |
|
| LIVE FOOD (CHICKEN) | 6 | 15.5 | |
| BEEF | 6 | 3.5 | |
| CHICKEN HAM (FROZEN | 6 | 9.5 |
Statistical = 15.1579 P-value = 0.000511099, P = 0.000511, P = 0.0000
From the above results, it can be said that the treatment with the most effective consumption of L. pardalis is that of live food (chicken) with an average consumption of 2356.6 grams (Emmons, 1987), which says that the preferred diet in the natural habitat is birds, because this is a general diet animal, that is, it takes advantage of all the prey that is in the environment where it interacts. On the other hand, it should be noted that the second effective treatment was chicken leg (frozen) with an average consumption of 2002.5 grams.
The least accepted was the treatment of the pieces of beef with an average consumption of 64.5 grams, which indicates that this treatment was not very effective. These treatments when subjected to the KruskalWallis test yielded a very marked significant difference. Regarding the consumption variable, the most consumed diet was Live Food with an average of 2356.6 grams. (Graph N ° 2)
5.3 EVALUATION OF L. PARDALIS BEHAVIOR BEHAVIORS IN CONDITIONING CONDITIONS AND USING ENVIRONMENTS.
Table N ° 3: General evaluation of the behaviors of leopards pardalis in the CAV - CVS
Conduct Tomorrow Afternoon P - Value
| Mov. Stereotypes | 24. | 11.7 | P = 0.00000250881 |
| Exploring | 6.83 | 5.82 | P = 0.273261 |
| Still | 16.8 | 19.9 | P = 0.402436 |
| Playing | 9.71 | 7.37 | P = 0.0252619 |
| Vocalization | 4.26 | 1.62 | P = 0.0225996 |
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) W test to compare medians MOVEMENTS
STEROTIPATES
W = 1197.5 P-value = 0.00000250881
IF THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) W test to compare medians EXPLORING
W = 2004.5 P-value = 0.273261
THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALS
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) W test to compare medians PLAYING
W = 1750.0 P-value = 0.0252619
IF THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) W test to compare medians QUIETO
W = 2432.5 P-value = 0.402436
THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE
W Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test to compare media VOCALIZATION
W = 1826.0 P-value = 0.0225996
IF THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE
Of the behaviors monitored in this study, the most dominant behavior in the morning hours was stereotyped movements with an average of 24 times, since at that time of day the individual had not eaten and the CAV was constantly cleaning. of cages and toilet facilities and this to see this type of movement by officials and other students this makes your stress rise. On the other hand, the behavior that was less frequent was vocalization in the afternoon with an average repetition of 1.62 times, because the animal had already fed and it communicated its state of happiness with strong vocalizations.
The results of the food setting indicate that the supply of live food favors a greater activity of the animals in most of the behaviors evaluated, in this regard (Brousset 2003), affirms that the majority of cats in captivity that are in groups Social constraints, in inadequate facilities, which receive inadequate feeding and handling, present a diversity of behavioral alterations reflected in long resting times, which leads to physical deterioration, for which the supply of live prey activates the felines, stimulating their instincts to hunting and keeping them active longer.
Using the Mann-Whitney W tests, it can be said that if there were significant differences between the behaviors PLAY, MOVEMENTS
STEREOTYPES and VOCALIZATION, while in the behaviors, EXPLORE and QUIETUD there were no significant differences.
The behaviors with significant differences occur because in these behaviors there are lakes with repetition periods of these compared to the other behaviors which present a short repetition period.
6. CONCLUSIONS
- Morphological characteristics such as weight gain and increase in growth are closely related and directly proportional, because the greater the amount of weight gain, the greater the growth rate. The most effective type of diet for feeding pardalis is the live food (chicken) with an average consumption in grams of 2356.6 grams and there is a significant difference in dietary treatments. The most dominant daytime behavioral activity in captive conditions in the pardalis species are the stereotyped movements and the least frequent are the vocalizations. The settings carried out with the use of live food, allow the level of stress handled by the animal in captivity to decrease by 70%.
7. RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that at the time of providing the food it be a live animal, so that it exercises and develops hunting skills, in order to be released and will not have difficulty with the provision of food.
Develop management techniques that help promote the natural behaviors of this species in captivity, achieving a balance of its natural state and creating a stress-free environment.
Monitor the activities carried out by the individual, from the moment the microchip was placed and verify how their behavior is at the time it is released.
Maintain trapping photo cameras to keep an eye on the individual, to see what their behavior is like when they are with others of the same species.
Conserve its habitat so that it can fully develop, to keep the animal safe, until the conditions of size and population viability are restored, so that this species can subsist on anthropogenic action.
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Brousset, H. 2003. Effect of environmental enrichment on the well-being of three endangered Mexican feline species (Ocelot, Margay and Juguarundi) kept in captivity. Degree work (doctorate). National Autonomous University of Mexico. Mexico. DF P. 12-16. Clavijo A, Ramirez GF. Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status of South American cats: Revision Monografica.
Natural History Museum Center Bulletin. 2007. 13 (2): 43-60.
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(SUCRE), CARIBBEAN COLOMBIAN Neotropical Mastozoology, vol. 19, no. 2, July-December, 2012 Argentine Society for the Study of Mammals Tucumán, Argentina.
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Veracruz. Pp. 19-33, 84-88-
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"Benito Juarez". Undergraduate work. Michoacana University of San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia. P. 14-48.
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