Abstract- The research objective is to obtain a prototype low-cost monitoring system keys automated water, monitored and controlled remotely from anywhere in the world where cell phone service. The main tools used are: Xbee s2, electro valves and Android. Xbee is responsible for system automation and Android facilitate interaction with the user, showing the system data when there is a leak and correct it, giving you the option to monitor and control the system faucet by connecting you wireless from 100m away, achieving security and flexibility to the user.
Keywords: Xbee, Android, solenoid valves, stopcock, Moisture Sensor, open source, automation.
I. OBJECTIVES
A. General Objective.
Recognize if a water dispenser faucet located in the home is wasting water either due to carelessness or natural wear of the faucet.
B Specific objectives.
Warn user that one of the faucets installed in the home is wasting water
Control the key problem, this can be manually or from your smartphone.
II. INTRODUCTION
Monitoring of water leaks is essential to avoid monetary losses at home, in companies or also in a factory. Once the problem has been detected, the leak correction is implanted in a comfortable and efficient way as long as it is accessible.
The implementation of this equipment would be basically with solenoid valves, long-range wireless modules and of course a screen to obtain the data to be performed.
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Solenoid valve.
It is an electromechanical valve, designed to control the passage of a fluid through a conduit or pipe. The valve is moved by a solenoid coil. Generally it has only two positions: open and closed, or all and nothing. Solenoid valves are used in many applications to control the flow of all types of fluids.
The solenoid valve should not be confused with motorized valves, in which a motor drives the valve mechanism, and allow other intermediate positions between everything and nothing.
Simple solenoid valves
Direct type solenoid valves can be closed at rest or normally closed which means that when the power supply fails they are closed or they can be of the open type at rest or normally open that remain open when there is no supply. That is, in the first case the valve is kept closed by the action of a spring and the solenoid opens it, overcoming the force of the spring. This means that the solenoid must be energized and consuming energy while the valve is open. The normally open ones work in reverse.
These types of valves are very commonly used in washing machines, dishwashers, irrigation and other similar uses.
Assisted solenoid valves
Assisted solenoid valve
- Inlet Diaphragm Pressure chamber Pressure relief line E- Solenoid F- Outlet.
In another type of solenoid valve, the solenoid does not control the valve directly, but the solenoid controls a secondary pilot valve and the energy for the operation of the main valve is supplied by the pressure of the fluid itself.
The attached graphic shows the operation of this type of valve. At the top we see the valve closed. Water under pressure enters through A. B is an elastic diaphragm and has a spring on it that pushes it down with a weak force. The diaphragm has a tiny hole, smaller in diameter than the D-tube, in the center that allows a small flow of water to pass through. This causes the water to fill the cavity C and its pressure is equal on both sides of the diaphragm, but a little higher at the top, due to the push of the spring, so it presses down sealing the inlet.
Meanwhile, the conduit D is closed by the core of the solenoid E which is pushed down by a spring. If the solenoid is activated, the core rises and allows water to pass from cavity C to the outlet; As the flow rate that can pass through D, as its section is greater, is greater than the one that passes through the diaphragm orifice, the pressure in C decreases and the diaphragm rises allowing the direct passage of water from inlet A to outlet F of the valve. This is the situation represented at the bottom of the figure. If the solenoid is deactivated again, line D is blocked again, Water pressures are balanced in the two compartments and the spring located on the diaphragm needs very little force to return down and the main force makes the pressure of the fluid itself into the cavity C.
From this explanation it follows that this type of valve depends for its operation on the fact that there is greater pressure at the inlet than at the outlet and that if this situation is reversed then the valve opens without the solenoid being able to control it. For this reason they are mainly used in systems where the outlet (F) has a direct outlet to a place at atmospheric pressure.
XBEE module
This is the Digi XBee XB24-Z7WIT004 module. Series 2 improves on power and data output protocol. Series 2 modules allow you to create complex mesh networks based on XBee ZB ZigBee mesh firmware. These modules allow very reliable and simple communication between microcontrollers, computers, systems, really anything with a serial port.
Point to point and multipoint networks are supported. These are essentially the same hardware as the older 2.5 series, but have updated the firmware. They will work with 2.5 series modules if you update the firmware through XCTU.
Note 1: If you are looking for a simple point-to-point setup, you may want to try Series 1 instead. Series 2 requires considerable installation and configuration. We highly recommend building Wireless Sensor Networks as a guide for creating mesh networks.
Note 2: XBee Series 1 and Series 2 modules have the same pin-out. However, Series 1 modules cannot communicate with Series 2 modules.
If you are using these outside of the United States, please contact your local laws regarding radio communication.
Note 3: Due to recent floods in Thailand and subsequent damage to Digi factories, there may be long lead times on all XBee products and shortages until they recover from damage.
XBee S2 module
characteristics
3.3V @ 40mA
250kbps Max data rate
2mW output (+ 3dBm)
400ft (120m) range
Built-in antenna
Fully FCC certified
6 10-bit ADC input pins
8 digital IO pins
128-bit encryption Local or over-air configuration AT or API command set.
Stopcock
A stopcock or stopcock, is a device, generally made of metal, some alloy or more recently of polymers or ceramic materials, used to make way or cut the flow of water or other fluid through a pipe or conduit in which is inserted.
These keys are also often called valves, since some of them, in addition to serving to cut off the passage, had the function of preventing water from circulating in the opposite direction to that desired (reflux), that is, they were also valves in the primitive meaning of the term.
KEY TYPES:
Seat key
The seat key is the oldest type of key. It has a threaded stem that rotates on its axis when the key is operated and sets a closure on the water passage. This model is precisely the one that served as a valve as well, since the closure or sole was free (with a pin housed in a hollow of the clamping rod), and returned to its seat when the water took the opposite direction, working as a piston check valve. Due to the noise they produced, they were no longer used and the soleta was fixed to the clamping rod.
The importance of this type is that it works better to regulate flow rates in pipes where this use is required (for example, in heating circuits, for hydraulic balancing), because it allows a finer adjustment, since the closure requires more than one turn of the handle. Still better is its variant, the wrench, in which the locking seat is cone-shaped rather than flat.
Ball or male wrench
Main article: Ball valve
With a tapered male or a sphere with a hole that allows the passage of fluid when it is aligned with the axis of the pipe. There is a variant, the angle wrench, with quarter turn opening and closing. They are usually used next to each water point in the home, before the tap, so in case of failure of any appliance, it is not necessary to leave the rest of the wet room or the entire house without water.
Ceramic disc wrench.
Main article: Ceramic disc wrench Ceramic discs have a series of holes that allow fluid to pass through when the two coincide. They normally close a quarter of a turn (a 90º turn).
Gate wrench
Main article: Gate valve
Butterfly wrench
Main article: Butterfly valve
A disk rotates on an axis sealing the passage section of the duct when the disk is perpendicular to its axis and leaving free passage when it is parallel. They are used in large diameters.
Timed keys
They are semi-automatic faucets, which open with a push of the user and close after a certain time after allowing a certain flow to pass. They exist for small flows (urinals, washbasin taps) and for large flows (toilets) and in this case they are called flushometers or flush valves.
ANDROID
Android is an operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was primarily designed for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets; and also for smart watches, televisions and cars. Initially it was developed by Android Inc., a company that Google supported financially and later, in 2005, it bought. Android was presented in 2007 together with the foundation of the Open Handset
Alliance (a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunications companies) to advance open standards for mobile devices. The first mobile with the Android operating system was the HTC Dream and it was sold in October 2008. Android devices sell more than the combined sales of Windows Phone and IOS.
The success of the operating system has become the subject of patent litigation in the context of so-called "Smartphone patent wars" between technology companies. According to secret documents leaked in 2013 and 2014, the operating system is one of the objectives of international intelligence agencies. The basic version of Android is known as the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
On June 25, 2014 at the Google I / O Developer Conference, Google showed an evolution of the Android brand, in order to unify both hardware and software and expand markets. For this they showed new products such as Android TV, Android Auto, Android Wear or a series of low-end "smartphones" under the name of Android One. This served to stabilize the image of the brand for the markets and the public.
Mobile Android Operating System.
IV. LIST OF MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS TO USE.
| COMPONENT | DESCRIPTION | PRICE |
| INFRARED SENSOR | DETECT THE PROBLEM | $ 2.50 |
| PIC XXX | TREATMENT
DE Signals |
$ 12 |
| XBEE S2
Wireeles |
TRANSMISSION
OF DATSO WIRELESS LONG SCOPE |
$ 130 |
| Solenoid valves | CORRECTING THE PROBLEM | $ 20 |
| PHONE | DISPLAY | 200 |
| Breadboard | Assembling the project | 30 |
| TOTAL | $ 404.50 |
V. PROCEDURE
PROBLEM
The problem that arises is the following: In general, a house has 6 or 7 water taps, generally controlled by the person closest to their location, which is why when one of the house gets out of a hurry These are not controlled and water is wasted, thus affecting the economy in the home and the environment.
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
The solution we propose is the following:
If we were in the task of regulating the amount of water used, we can monitor the consumption of each of these taps by phone and if we find the problem, we can control it through a mobile device. Smartphone and with a single click close the tap in the case that it is not closed and thus we can continue in the activity that is being carried out either at work or on the way to it.
Then we can control water consumption from the comfort of home and avoid an excessive water bill without having consumed it of our own free will. Thus improving its economy and balancing the environment.
PROPOSED SOLUTION
The system we propose is as follows:
- Detect the position of the key through an infrared sensor Acquire the signal through a PIC Make a connection to an XBEE to process the data Transmit the collected signal Perform data acquisition on a smartphone Perform an action Control the tap position using a servo motor or a water pump Manually address the problem.
DEVELOPMENT SCHEME
Project procedure outline
SAW. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
At the end of the work we were able to realize that the xbee connection was not compatible with android 4.1, rather we had to go down to android 2.3.6 gingerbread since that way wireless communication between the pic and the xbee module was facilitated.
The configuration of the solenoid valves was very important, since there were small leaks when the key was closed.
It should be borne in mind that the modules must be with a voltage not higher than 3.3v in order to avoid damage to it and not spoil the work of valve control. Finally we obtained a beneficial project for the home and over time to be able to implement as a Smarth Green in society.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Solenoid valve, online document available at:
XBee, Online document, available at:
Stopcock, online document available at:
Puente H, online document available at:
Android Operating System, online document,
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