Through existentialist philosophy (origins and main precursors) its link with the public administration is proposed; since as one of the currents of thought in humanity, it affected the forms of social organization and the modes of production, which have determined the social, economic and cultural transformations of society in general.
Introduction
The purpose of this essay is to give succinctly the importance of existentialism as a philosophical current of the 20th century, as a product of the ideological boom after the Second World War that occurred in the period from 1939 to 1945.
Some elements of existentialism can be identified in Socrates' thought, in the work of many postmodern writers and philosophers.
Thus it can be affirmed that once again the philosophy considered as the mother of the sciences contributes to the development of the different sciences and scientific disciplines, providing its own context for understanding the social events and processes that emerged during the evolution of the humanity; in particular case emphasizing the existentialist philosophy approach within the field of administrative thought for its study analysis.
Existentialist ideas arose in times of despair for humanity, after the Great Depression (1929) and the Second World War. A spirit of optimism and the series of calamities presented in the mid-19th century became prevalent.
This severe hopelessness was perfectly well articulated with existentialist philosophy until well into the 1970s, and continues to this day as popular as a form of thought and reasoning.
The main expositors of this philosophical trend were Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre and Camus. However, it was Jean Paul Sartre who stood out for distracting with more international attention towards the existentialism of the 20th century.
For Jean Paul Sartre, the French were the cause of colonial exploitation and the series of atrocities carried out by the French militia in Algarebia, and he called for individual action to repair the sins of colonialism.
However, each of them agrees that human life is not completely satisfactory, by virtue of the losses and sufferings that occur due to the lack of power, perfection and control that one has over his life.
This philosophical trend is opposed to the arbitrary acts on the part of some person or society to impose or demand its rules, values and beliefs, so that these are faithfully accepted; Thus, the existentialists argue that this position breaks with individualism and turns people into what the ruling class wants them to be; in this way they are dehumanized and reduced with a vile object for their use.
Existentialism is an intense search for the true self, and for true personal meaning in life. Likewise, it defends the free will of people, to decide what to believe and be; instead of accepting or imitating arbitrary patterns of behavior on man's existence.
As such, it has been one of the most representative philosophical movements in contemporary culture. It focuses on conceptually investigating the main problems faced by man during his concrete existence, losing importance on the typical topics of speculation.
Given the existing reality, derived from the struggles (wars) of conflicting interests; man felt threatened in his individuality, hence his emphatic determination to isolate himself, faced with the prevailing inability to find the truth by means of an intellectual decision, and therefore, his strict characteristic characteristic of "personal and subjective of human life".
The premises that existentialism highlights are:
• Human free will
• Human nature is chosen through life decisions
• A person is better when he fights against his individual nature, fighting for life.
• Decisions do not come without stress, or without consequences
• There are things that are not rational
• Personal responsibility and discipline are crucial
• Society is unnatural and its traditional religions and secular rules are arbitrary
• Worldly desires are useless
Also, this current of thought asserts that it is essential to understand and accept our past, however human beings should not be determined by that past. On the contrary, the past helps us face future problems.
Considering the above, administrative theory, primarily that directed at the public sector, can be simply linked to existentialist philosophy, because deficiencies in public administration have had a strong impact on the lifestyles of society, and if managers If they had directed and administered they would have acted on time, many of these problems could have been solved.
Hence, some students of administrative theory allude that the administration tries to understand the relationship between personal choices and those of public interest. Alluding to Sartre, who said that "Personal freedom rests on the freedom of others." However, arbitrary politics and ethics do not allow social interests to be prioritized.
Conclusions
Existentialism was distinguished by an exceptional approach that consisted of affirming that it must be taken as a starting point for all action, that the human being is part of the problem, not as part of the solution, when in the majority the tendency was this last position.
Likewise, it was caused by a deep sense of guilt of the United States community, mainly due to the Vietnam War, basically during the 1960s and 1970s, when a marked and latent racial injustice, extreme poverty, social marginalization and other political conditions prevailed. social.
The public demonstrations of rejection of the policies assumed by the government, did not fail to reflect a great disagreement and discomfort among people, finding in existentialism a response that was "to face individually the mistakes of society."
Along with the above, all kinds of artistic expressions were present in the everyday, from literature (Eduardo Garreud, Albert Camus, Samuel Beckett, Franz Kafka), poetry (José Gaos, Oscar Bartolomé Poy), cinema (Ingmar Bergman, Bertolucci, Godard) painting (mainly the exponents of the expressionist school); that contributed to the strong impact on society of this way of thinking in its various manifestations, including one of them, companies, which at the time required that it proceed on the basis of conscious and free cooperation, according to the existential sense of the order that is created when unity is realized in the diverse plurality of activities and tasks,putting the exercise of authority at the service of an authentic common good and structuring the relationships between individuals and the collectivity that they comprise, adjusting to the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity; thereby achieving authentic and true efficiency.
However, in many cases, the objectives of management are so concrete, so immediate and sometimes inconsequential that it bears no relation to the timeless destiny of man, much less to the common good of society. But in the moral sphere of human life "all acts are directly or indirectly related to the aforementioned ends, and all positively or negatively influence their performance."
Finally, to achieve an understanding of the role of the administration within the economic-social environment, it is necessary to understand what has been called the spirit of the modern era, and to underline that there are multiple aspects that have contributed to this independence movement. for four centuries, which led to the clearest and most forceful expressions of nineteenth-century liberalism: "Man must be free to think, to believe, to act, to negotiate, to contract, to produce, to change, to consume, to do of his personal life what his free will intends ”.
Technological progress has made possible the demonstration that man is the “lord”, the dominator, the owner of nature, strengthening the conviction of self-sufficiency, of faith in his capacity, of his independence and of his autonomy.
He has thus achieved an eminently material philosophy of triumph or success. The man believes, to have found himself. And he believes he has done so by feeling himself the center of the world, by not bowing to anything or anyone, and with this, he has sustained material progress.
Bibliography
1.- Chiavenato, Idalberto. General Theory of Administration. 2006.
2.- Peña, Víctor. Et al. The Existentialist Public Administrator. Federico Santa María Technical University. Chile. 2006
3.- Guzmán Valdivia, Isaac. The Science of Social Management. 1987.
4.- García Valencia, Antonio. Human Relations in Public Administration. 1971.
5.- Http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/spanish/existencialismo.htm.pages 1-2.
