In this topic we will talk about the importance and use of fiber optics. More than anything it is a means of communication that is very modern and that information reaches its destination very quickly. The author of this topic tells us that in 1966 the proposal to use an optical guide for communication arose. This way of using light as an information carrier can be explained as follows: It is actually an electromagnetic wave of the same nature as radio waves, with the only difference that the length of the waves is of the order of micrometers instead of meters or centimeters.
In just over 10 years, fiber optics has become one of the most advanced technologies used as a means of information transmission. This innovative material came to revolutionize telecommunications processes in every way, from achieving a higher transmission speed and reducing noise and interference almost entirely, to multiplying the forms of communication and telephone reception.
Optical fibers are extremely compact high purity glass filaments: The thickness of a fiber is similar to that of a human hair. Manufactured at high temperature based on silicon, its manufacturing process is controlled by means of computers, to allow the refractive index of its core, which is the guide of the light wave, to be uniform and to avoid deviations, among its main characteristics it can be mentioned that they are compact, light, with low signal losses, wide transmission capacity and a high degree of reliability because they are immune to radio frequency electromagnetic interference. Optical fibers do not conduct electrical signals and are therefore ideal for incorporation into cables without any conductive components and can be used in dangerous high voltage conditions.They have the ability to tolerate high potential differences without any additional protection circuitry and no problems due to short circuits. They have a large bandwidth, which can be used to increase the transmission capacity in order to reduce the cost per channel; In this way, there is considerable savings in volume compared to copper cables.
With a six-fiber cable, the signal of more than five thousand channels or main lines can be transported, while 10,000 pairs of conventional copper cable are required to serve the same number of users, with the disadvantage that the latter means It occupies a large space in the ducts and requires large volumes of material, which also increases costs.
Although this type of communication has its advantages and disadvantages, they are as follows:
Advantage:
Greater capacity due to the greater bandwidth available at optical frequencies.
Immunity to cross-transmission between cables, caused by magnetic induction.
Immunity to static interference due to noise sources.
Resistance to environmental extremes. They are less affected by corrosive liquids, gases and temperature variations.
Safety in terms of installation and maintenance. Glass fibers and plastics are not conductors of electricity, they can be used near liquids and volatile gases.
Browse to 2 million Bps
They are easy to install
Video and real sound
Disadvantages:
The cost is high in the fiber optic connection, companies do not charge for use time but for the amount of information transferred to the computer, which is measured in megabytes.
Only people who live in the city areas for
which the fiber optic network is already installed can subscribe.
Difficulty repairing this connection.
Fiber fragility.
Limited availability of connectors.
Applications
Internet: the fiber optic Internet connection service is, without a doubt, a very fast tool for browsing.
Networks: fiber optics is increasingly used in communication, because light waves have a high frequency and the capacity of a signal to carry information increases with frequency.
Telephony: due to the standardization of existing interfaces, fiber optic transmission systems are available for the levels of the public telecommunications network in a wide application, contrary to systems of the subscriber network (subscriber line), there are first of all a series of considerations.
The author Andrew S. Tanenbaum tells us, this type of connection can be used in LAN networks, for long-range transmission, although deriving from them is more complicated than connecting to an ethernet. One way to overcome the problem is to make a ring network is actually a collection of point-to-point links. However, the future of all fixed data communication at distances of more than a few meters is clearly the fiber. For a detailed analysis of all aspects of fiber optic networks.
Networks for their operation require secure and reliable communication. This real-time connection can provide us with greater security, reliability, administration and control of the network, in addition to providing services such as telephony, videoconferencing and data transmission for the internal operation of companies. Various technologies and transmission media such as fiber optics can be used. The fiber optic network goes within high voltage electrical networks.
Claudia Luz Álvarez who is an expert in information and communication technologies. She says that the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) has one of the largest fiber optic networks in the country deployed throughout the territory, even reaching locations where there is no telecommunications operator or there is only one. In addition, the CFE currently has excess capacity in its fiber optic network that can perfectly serve to complement the telecommunications infrastructure and obtain additional resources without neglecting at any time its main objective, which is to provide electricity to Mexico.
CFE is a public body bound by transparency. In addition, the electrical infrastructure (including the fiber optic network) are the nation's assets, so the determination of the rates for the leasing of network capacity is no less a matter. You can do a cost evaluation for CFE and add a profit margin, or take the telecom market price as a reference. As for deciding to whom to lease their capacity in such a way as to provide equal opportunity to the interested parties, it could be decided by a public bidding or an upward simultaneous auction of capacity and route segments. Now, one provides access to telecommunications through the use of the medium and low voltage electrical network to access the end user.As the PLC is a data transmission technology, it can provide any service based on Internet protocol such as telephony (VoIP), Internet access, high-speed data, video, among others.
In any case, I consider that the determination of the price and the allocation scheme of the contracts can generate complications due to the legal framework to which the CFE is subject. In a competing market, they look for areas that allow them a return on investment in the short or medium term. Hence, I estimate that, even with the possibility of taking advantage of the electrical network through the PLC, these remote locations will probably remain without telecommunications services or will continue to be served only by Telmex.
As we can see in Mexico there are very few companies that have this type of communication, also as you know most of the companies that exist in Mexico are: micros, small and medium-sized companies.
We are talking about 90 to 97%, while the rest of this percentage belongs to large companies.
Conclusions
To finish with this article, the topic I just made is about the use of fiber optics on companies in Mexico. There are very few companies in Mexico that have this type of communication, which are: Mexico Telephones, Federal Electricity Commission. As mentioned above, the CFE is one of the public companies that have this type of technology and that its purpose is based on serving to complement the telecommunications infrastructure and obtain additional resources without neglecting at any time its main objective, which is to provide of electricity to Mexico. In our country, unfortunately, it is very difficult to have this type of technology for various reasons.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been left behind and unable to compete and participate in the markets.
Many of these companies do not invest, in a matter of technology.
The owners of these companies are afraid of changing technology, and they find it expensive to implement this service.
SMEs in Mexico constitute 97% of all companies
Hopefully in the not too distant future it would be very important for Mexico to have this service, and for entrepreneurs to change their mindset that changing, improving or innovating their technology would not see it as any expense, but rather that they see it as an investment and that in the long term they will be able to recover what they invested in technology.
Bibliography:
Internet:
html.rincondelvago.com/fibra-optica_18.html
Book:
Author: Andrew. S. Tanenbaum Edition: 3rd.
Title: Computer Networks Editorial: Pearson (Prentice Hall)
