1.1.- Summary
My name is Maximo Tenth Meridio, Commander of the Armies of the North, General of the Phoenix Legions, loyal servant of the true emperor Marcus Aurelius. Father of a murdered son, husband of a murdered woman and I will achieve my revenge in this life or in the other ».
1.2.-The argument
Theories, no matter how good or bad they may be, will regularly guide our decisions, until the culmination of our objectives, which will serve as a bridge to achieve them.
These theories collaborate in the understanding of the processes in which any organization is immersed, which in turn facilitates any decision making or change of course, this is "you cannot improve something you do not know".
There are different theories, some more reliable than others, but which in the end will allow you to visualize with a greater degree of certainty the behavior of certain situations and in any type of organization.
1.3.- Organizational Theory
The Gladiator's epic phrases: «Strength and Honor», «At my signal, anger and fire», »« What we do in life, has its echo in eternity »,« Sometimes with the frost, the sword stays stuck to the pod ”.
The theories can vary according to the specific characteristics of each organization, which will change depending on the time and place where they are located; With the understanding that these are not static, they therefore have an urgent need to constantly adapt to the demands of the environment, serving as a model for other organizations, avoiding at all times that decidophobia (fear of making decisions) paralyzes organizations. The aggressiveness and constant changes in the environment force organizations to take the best of other areas to form a theory according to current reality.
1.4.-Classical school of administration
"Sold as a slave, Maximus has only one way out, to become a gladiator."
Continuing with the Gladiator's plot, I will return to the contributions of Max Weber (1864-1920), regarding organizations aimed at achieving rationalized objectives under a division of labor based on a bureaucratic model according to this author, whose operation must be based on hierarchical structures clearly defined and supported in norms and guidelines as part of their legal support.
For its part, the scientific administration arose at the beginning of the 20th century, concentrating mainly on a constant increase in productivity, whose main exponents were, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915).
Whose contributions are based on the studies of times and movements in assembly lines, these observations focus on the division of each operation and its parts, which allowed the implementation of more efficient methods to execute each activity. Proposing what we now know as piecework through which an overpayment is awarded to the most productive workers, based on a system of "differential tariffs", which are currently implemented in the maquiladora industry in our country.
1.5.-School of human relations
"Máximo meets Juba who becomes his friend and teammate, with whom they have conversations about life and death, and the way Máximo would be reunited with his family in the afterlife."
This school arises as a way to improve the human conditions of workers and their interaction between managers and subordinates. What will allow to detect which are the social and psychological conditions for the improvement of human relations in search of labor productivity.
There are contributions from different theorists who analyzed the different approaches to human behavior, such is the case of the study based on the workplace environment of Elton Mayo which refers to the "social man", who is motivated by social needs, since his time is influenced by the group which seeks a better relationship at work. For their part, Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of behavior, where men are always looking for their self-realization, where Maslow prioritizes these needs, describing that the worker has different needs that he seeks to satisfy in his work.
1.6.-Contingency approach.
"Cómodus kills his father the emperor Marcus Aurelius to rise to the throne and also decides to end the life of Maximo and his entire family because he considers them a threat to remain on the throne of Rome, but only kills his wife and son "
The contingency or situational approach is considered an administrative technique that serves as a spearhead to achieve the goals of the organization, which is very subjective since it can vary according to situations or circumstances. Taking into account the relationship that exists between situations, acts and results. It is incongruous that organizations currently seek the integration of the various schools of administration thought to achieve better results, since the results will vary because the situations are no longer the same, and the techniques used and which were successful in their At the moment they do not guarantee that they can be applied in all cases. Since there is currently no single and exclusive organizational model,The new organizational theories maintain a constant dependence on the environment where technology, the market and capital influence their culture and structures.
1.7.- School of behavior
"Maximum as a Roman military man he has formidable combat training which allows him to stand out among the ranks of slaves and he becomes a popular gladiator."
Within the studies of human behavior we find theorists such as Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett. Henry Gantt and Hugo Munsterberg who were concerned with knowing, understanding and explaining human behaviors within organizations. These authors focused on designing strategies that would humanize production processes, which led them to delve into the understanding of human behavior within organizations. Where these constitute such a force that allows them to achieve their success or failure.
Within the organizational structure, each participant has an assigned and defined role through the achievement of certain objectives to be met, which can only be achieved through good direction and guidance based on the work groups, therefore a good administrator or leader knows how to motivate to his team towards the achievement of the expected results, being at all times consistent with the command orders given. Human behavior studies are based on motivational approaches, group dynamics, the understanding of individuals as people and not as machines, and the formation of work teams.
This school is nourished by the different administrative disciplines as well as by the social sciences, psychology, sociology, social psychology, neurolinguistics and anthropology. Her study focuses on the understanding of specifically work-related intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships, such as the way of speaking, dressing, behaving and acting, among others.
1.8.-Isomorphism
"Emperor Marcus Aurelius wishes to make Rome a republic governed by the senate, just as the dream of its founders was."
Organizational isomorphism focuses on the study of multinational companies and the behavior of their subsidiaries around the world, which is why it is extremely important to know the behavior of these branches and their relationship with their work practices and how they are organized.. So we can comment that organizational isomorphism focuses on studying how the environment where they are located influences the development of policies, styles and similar structural forms and how they come to modify their behavior.
Where theorists DiMaggio and Powell agree with Heydebrand that this is a concept that comes from the contingency movement. Where they approach the subject from a structuralist perspective where they refer to the relations of the organization and its relation with the environment where they are debated in a constant struggle to achieve efficiency.
1.9.-Management models
“Máximo refuses to fight in training; until he has his first fight and has no choice but to fight or die. "
Organizations require different management models to support them in order to get rid of the old models of organizational adjustment so that their transition is less traumatic and allows them to obtain better results, based on comprehensive solution schemes in management areas, in the application of technologies more suited to their structure, development of personnel and intellectual capital, customer and citizen orientation that place them within the competitive and innovative market. So for their survival they require the knowledge and incorporation of these new management models. Where organizations have no alternative but to adapt to new market conditions that allow them to do more with less and of better quality.
1.10.- Organizational models
Maximo, when he was in the center of the coliseum with the other slaves, asked them who had been in the army, they can help me "whatever comes from the front we can overcome anything if we work together" if we are together we will survive, come closer and form a staggered line.
We identify three types of command structure:
- The verticalThe horizontalThe matrix
Within the vertical structure we can observe different organization models such as:
- Hierarchical organization Functional organization Mixed organization
The Matrix or systemic structure develops its own organizational models:
- Organization by processes Organization by projects Organization by results Organization by objectives Organization by clients
For its part, the horizontal structure is more flexible since it takes up both the vertical and the matrix or systemic structure of its different organizational models which adapt them according to their circumstances.
In each of these structures, a hierarchical order of functions will always stand out, based on who exercises responsibility, authority and who interacts with them, where their main element is control and obtaining results based on the type of organization. in economic dividends or better services translated into votes. Where the collaborators only become a mere merchandise or bridge to achieve the final results.
1.11.- Bibliography
Ridley Scott, The Gladiator, 2000.
CHIAVENATO, Idalberto. Introduction to the General Theory of Administration, Colombia, Editorial Mc Graw Hill, 1994.
DiMagio PM, Powell WW, Institutional Isomorphism and its relationship with the community, Mc Graw Hill, 2001.
KOONTZ, Harold. Administration a Global Perspective, Mexico, Editorial Mc Graw Hill, 1998.
MORRIS, Daniel. Management Siglo XXI, Colombia, Editorial Mc Graw Hill, 1995.
ROBBINS, Stephen P. Management, USA, Prentice Hall Publishing, 1998.
