Within a company Information systems act as the nervous system since it is responsible for delivering timely and accurate information with the presentation and the appropriate format, to the person who needs it within the organization to make a decision or perform an operation and just at the moment that this person needs to have such information.
Structure of information systems
Whitten, Bentley and Barlow propose a model based on five elementary blocks to define an information system, people, activities, data, networks and technology:
- People: It includes the owners of the system (understanding as such those who sponsor and promote the development of information systems), users (executive managers, middle managers, team leaders, administrative staff), designers and those who implement the system.Data: constitute the raw material used to create useful information.Activities: includes the activities (processes) carried out in the company and the activities and activities of data processing and information generation that serve as Support to the first networks: the decentralization of the company and the distribution of the remaining elementary blocks in the most useful places (production centers, offices, delegations) are analyzed, as well as the communication and coordination of these places.It refers to both the hardware and the software that support the remaining building blocks of the information system.
(Rey, 2012)
Types of information systems
- Transaction processing system (TPS) transaction processing system: It is a basic accounting and record keeping system that tracks the daily routine transactions necessary to run the business. Interorganizational Information System (IOS): Uses the technology of Networks to facilitate communication between the company and its suppliers, customers, and other companies. Information management system (MIS) management information system: Provides a director with the information he needs to make decisions, usually structured decisions, regardless of the Business Functional Activities Decision Support System (DSS) Decision Support System: Helps a manager make semi-structured decisions, such as budget planning and sales forecasting,and unstructured decisions, such as developing a new product and negotiating a contractGroup decision support system (GDSS) group decision support system: It is designed to improve the productivity of decision-making meetings, improving the dynamics Collaborative Working Geographical Information System (EIS) executive information system: Combines MIS and DSS features to support unstructured decision making by senior managers. Expert Systems (ES) expert system: Supports decision making decisions offering directors access to computerized expert knowledge.It is designed to improve the productivity of decision-making meetings, improving collaborative work dynamics.Geographic Information System (EIS) executive information system: Combines MIS and DSS features to support unstructured decision-making by from senior managers Expert Systems (ES) expert system: Support decision making by giving managers access to computerized expert knowledge.It is designed to improve the productivity of decision-making meetings, improving collaborative work dynamics.Geographic Information System (EIS) executive information system: Combines MIS and DSS features to support unstructured decision-making by from senior managers Expert Systems (ES) expert system: Support decision making by giving managers access to computerized expert knowledge.They support decision making by offering managers access to computerized expert knowledge.They support decision making by offering managers access to computerized expert knowledge.
Information systems process
The overall purpose of information systems is to help a company's employees obtain and use information, communicate with others inside and outside the company, and make effective decisions.
An information system performs the input, processing and output functions and includes feedback and control functions.
- The output of an information system is an information product of some kind, for example a report or some other type of document. The input of an information system is the data, or facts, about the company's subsystems or other environmental systems such as descriptions of customer needs, verified materials, and sales transactions. The processing function organizes and sorts the data so that people can understand and use it. An information system also has a storage function for storing data and information products for future use. The control function ensures that the outputs of the information product are of high quality and are useful for information users in solving problems. and make decisions.
Information system processes
Information system processes
(Beekman, 2005)
Information systems in organizations capture and manage data to produce useful information that supports the organization itself and its employees, customers, suppliers, and partners. Information systems are considered by many organizations to be essential to their ability to compete or gain a competitive advantage.
Advantages and benefits of information systems
- Increased profit Cost reduction Increased market share Improved customer relationships Increased efficiency Better decision-making Better regulatory compliance Fewer errors Improved safety Increased capacity
(Jeffrey, 2008)
Classification of information systems
In general, the most widespread classifications of information systems usually group these according to their purpose, it is considered that there are two basic functions for the systems:
- Support for operational activities: it gives rise to information systems for more structured activities (accounting applications, payroll, orders and, in general, what is called business management) or also systems that allow the handling of less structured information: office applications, technical programs for engineering functions. Decision support and control management: can be provided from the business management applications themselves (through existing information outputs) or through specific applications.
The most common systems found in companies are:
- ERP: Enterprice Resourse Planning: these are integrated management systems that allow the entire process of a company to be supported: economic, financial control, production logistics, maintenance, Human Resources, etc. CRM: Customer Relationship Management: systems to manage customer relations and support for all business contacts Business Intelligent: Systems oriented to the exploitation of data and the elaboration of information to support decisions Corporate website and e-commerce applications: Set of applications deployed in a web environment to facilitate the integration of tools and content both internally (intranet) and the deployment of e-commerce applications (ebusiness) and the publication of public content on the network Other applications:Different types of applications will be presented such as PLM systems (Product Lifecycle Management), assisted design tools (CAD), document management systems, office tools, communication tools, GIS systems or BMP process management systems.
(Rey, 2012)
Works cited
- Beekman, G. (2005). Introduction to Informatics (Sixth Edition ed.). (DF Aragon, Ed.) Madrid, Spain: PEARSON EDUCACION, SA Jeffrey, W. (2008). Systems Analysis: Design and Methods (Third edition ed.). (JM Chacon, Ed., & MTR, Trad.) Mexico, Mexico DF: McGraw-Hill Interamericana. Rey, AG (2012). Information Systems (Fourth edition expanded and updated.). Mexico DF, Mexico: Alfaomega Drupo Editor SA de CV
