The present work is an evaluation that has been made to the hotel facilities in the Sucre canton, for this it becomes essential to know the problems that are afflicting this sector, which has seen its income decrease due to a series of factors that affect the economy of This sector, areas that lived from tourism such as Bahía de Caráquez, San Clemente and San Jacinto, have been significantly affected by a decrease in tourists to these sectors due to a recession in Ecuador in general.
To this it can be added that the phenomenon of the past event of 16 A, has also had an impact until it falls into the minimum expression of occupation, according to data from the Ministry of Tourism, this is an effect that is being evident throughout Ecuador, including the cities that receive more tourism such as Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, the national territory is experiencing a difficult time due to the decrease in tourism to this country, which in 2015 closed with figures that passed the one million five hundred thousand foreign tourists entering the country, and that its average expenses generated the third and fourth GDP of additional income for Ecuador.
Introduction
According to statistical data from some recent research studies, it would be a good time for tourists and people outside the city of Bahía de Caráquez to choose this city as a tourist destination, so that the recovery of the tourism sector therefore the hotelier would take a significant time in the area of influence due to the past natural event, the effect of recession was not a matter of past event, but was already a problem that was seen to be advancing due to the effects of the fall in oil and therefore Ecuadorians accustomed to traveling and spending, since there were models of austerity and of reducing family and personal spending to a minimum, this in some way has affected businesses, bars, shopping centers, the tourism and hotel sector,without taking into account the increase in the price of products and services goods due to the effects of safeguards taxes, which make Ecuador an expensive country for foreign tourism, especially the North American country.
With this background, foreign tourism has no other way than to look for cheap countries to make their spending, and that on average, what they have to spend in 15 days in Ecuador, do it with the same money for a month and even longer in countries. neighbors like Colombia and Peru.
Specialists affirm that the country's economy has entered a recession since the beginning of 2016, with the application of the new economic solidarity law to rebuild the affected areas, the government intends to inject a significant amount of economic resources for Manabí and Esmeraldas, among they are the one to potentiate the tourism in the devastated zones.
With the antecedents exposed, the scientific problem manifests: How has the hotel facilities been affected by the tourism that arrives in the Sucre canton? In this way, an exploratory and descriptive investigation of the canton's hotel activity can be carried out, and thus determine the Research objectives: Among the objectives are: 1.- To analyze from various concepts and epistemologies the importance of the hotel sector in the tourist field, 2.- To evaluate the hotel infrastructure through the method of direct observation and from primary and secondary sources, 3. Consider the hotel infrastructure as a company that generates sources of employment for the tourism sector nationwide. With these objectives, the present work was carried out in the Sucre canton of the province of Manabí.
Thematic development.
The Tourism of Ecuador.
Currently there is a flow of tourists in significant numbers, which has made Ecuador the place with the largest influx of visitors in the last 5 years, but which are below countries such as Argentina, Peru, Colombia, among others, this It allows establishing that the country is the one that projects tourism as the element of change in the productive matrix, with a strong investment in hotel and tourism projects for the country.
“The province of Manabí is the most privileged of the Ecuadorian Coast with its 350 kilometers of beaches distributed from Cojimies in the north to Ayampe in the south. Throughout its entire coastal profile, you can enjoy paradisiacal and extensive beaches surrounded by charming fishing villages, thriving cities with great industrial and craft business potential, ancient cultures, exquisite gastronomy and diversity of ecosystems. ” (spondylus, 2008)
But the tourist offer of Manabí in particular, Manta, Bahía de Caráquez, Canoa, Jama, Pedernales and Cojimies, represent so far the greatest attraction that this province has, its almost 200 kilometers of beach from Manta to Cojimies bordering Esmeralda are one exuberant panorama that attracts, enamors and likes tourists, not only national but international, the current tourist has become more aware and appreciates how other countries make gigantic efforts to maintain these resources, thinking that tourism should be the industry that lifts them out of poverty to millions of Ecuadorians.
It should be remembered that in addition to the vertiginous growth that the province of Manabí has, the investment that the central government is generating with its institutions at the forefront of tourism projects such as the Development Bank and the National Financial Corporation, allows investment to be expanded to other places that due to their geography deserve to have first-rate infrastructure, in terms of Tourism, the province itself represents a point of tourist development for the new Country.
Currently there is a stream of tourists who have become specialized, with a firm awareness of the environment, paying amounts of money to visit those destinations that are more friendly to the ecological environment, and that can offer not only comfort but different management techniques. 100% organic water, energy, solid waste, gardens, plantations and food.
The project with an ecological model so far that has won international certifications is the Alandaluz inn in Puerto López, where its visitors are amazed to discover a 100% ecological hotel, the environmental impact caused by the construction of traditional hotels that do not respect the environment. environment, have affected the tourist landscape of the Sucre canton, of course, investment and job creation is unavoidable, but at what price should this disorganized and out of awareness growth be paid.
Arrival of foreign tourists to Ecuador.
The arrival of foreign tourists to Ecuador represents a significant increase to January 2015 of 11% compared to 2014, （INEC ， 2015） Statistics show how Ecuador is becoming a potentially tourist country, with the new economic policies established by the national government, improvements in tourism activity can be seen at the national level, (see table), so the projection that the country has within the change in the productive matrix is to bring the figures to two and a half million visits per year, which would be the same as what Cuba and the Dominican Republic manage, but it is important to understand that the country cannot compete on the issue of beaches with what the Caribbean offers, but archaeological tourism can be potentiated as projects are improved aimed at this activity.
Table 1. Income of foreign tourists to Ecuador 2010 - 2014
Source: Yearbook of inputs and outputs INEC.
Currently the province of Manabí has one of the best roads in Ecuador, the road system has been changed almost 100% with first-rate roads such as in the country's large cities, this has allowed tourism to increase in a dizzying way, investment in new tourism projects, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and, most importantly, training in human talent at the service of tourists.
With all the aforementioned elements, it can be analyzed that one of the best areas for investment in tourism continues to be the north of the province of Manabí, due to its roads, its ecological potential, its archaeological evidence, its wide beaches and above all for the quality of human resources that the Manabitas have. These accesses are giving greater agility and shortening distances for tourists who are interested in the history, memory and identity of the Manabí people, making long-term journeys and stays in the tourism industry.
Community tourism
This type of tourism characterized by taking tourists in a completely different habitat than theirs, where the visitor will know first-hand how the traditional activities of a site are carried out in the countryside of any province, state or department, in the countries in where it develops. (Barrera, 2003)
And it is precisely what the Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador has wanted to do with its 2020 tourism plan, putting as fundamental pillars the revitalization of rural communities through tourism, encouraged by the structuring of the famous Spondylus route, a bi-national tourist route It covers the entire Ecuadorian coast from Esmeraldas to El Oro, following the Loja province in the Ecuadorian highlands; and then enter northern Peru.
In this plan, the people of Montubio and their surrounding communities are not left out. Those who know ancestral knowledge and stimulate local economies get involved in tourism as a source of economic income; But for them it was not and will not be easy because there are still psychological stigmas of their origin and of being frowned upon by a city society.
University students of tourism and hospitality currently share their hours of connection with the community in tasks of rescue of cultural traditions, orality and artistic festivals from Montubio, they with their academic experience manage to teach peasants technical guidance and group management, handling food and hospitality.
For his part, the farmer transmits his knowledge to students such as the harvest seasons, the sounds of birds and the productive activities of the area, and finally they are entering the world of hospitality, where it is possible that they can accommodate guests in their humble houses, welcoming them in the traditional way of life in the countryside, where they have subsisted for hundreds of years.
History of Canton Sucre
In the 1950s, Emilio Estrada carried out excavations in what is now Bahía de Caráquez, and confirmed the existence of an important culture sitting on the site, which he baptized as Babia Culture, which served as a benchmark in the construction of the local identity. The Bahia culture was also expressed in other areas of the coastal area of the current province of Manabí. (Holm, 1982) The traces left by these human groups have allowed us to know that it is a complex, hierarchical society, with a profuse urban development, governed by priests, and that it had reached a technical development especially in navigation, manufacturing and the Agriculture. The Bahia culture was in force between 400 years before Christ and 800 to 1,000 years after Christ.
Likewise, the outstanding characteristics of these groups was the even greater technical development of agriculture and navigation, which made them the monopolizers of the exchange of products at the Pacific level. Two of the highly valuable products that were the basis of the exchange were spondylus shell and emeralds, in addition to corn and a variety of manufactures.
Fray Diego Velasco, mercedario, exploited the coasts and saw the possibility of building a road. The religious proposed the company to Martín de Fuica, who promoted the project before the Viceroy of Peru, and managed to get a contract to open the way and found a town in Bahía de Caráquez. Fuica drowned in the Daule River before his business ended. But Don José de Larrazabal, guarantor of Fuica, concluded the settlement with the name of San Antonio de Caráquez, in memory of Don Antonio de Morga. Until 1629 the ships that came from Panama agreed in Bahía de Caráquez. (Juillard, 2007)
Once the independence of Spain was completed, the opening of the port of Bahía de Caráquez was decreed and, after several modifications on the powers to import and export, the place became a port center increasingly connected to the great industrial centers and the Commerce. The cocoa that was produced in Chone was commercialized through this port, which resurfaced in the heat of capitalist and mercantile modernity. The nineteenth century marks a boom process, which continues until the century. In Bahia, import and export houses, or simply distributed merchandise, have been identified since the end of the 19th century. For example, Lee San & Ca. had a wholesale and retail sale in Bahía de Caráquez. Some of the most renowned commercial houses of the time were: C. Jalíl Hermanos (Importers,exporters and commission agents. Bahía de Caráquez during the 20th century Decade). (Ramirez, 2011)
This shows in a concrete way how the canton Sucre and the city of Bahía de Caráquez have placed their name in the history of Ecuador, this shows a representativeness for trade that occurred during the 19th century entering the 20th, many history books They have been written about the city and among them it is mentioned that the cradle of Ecuadorian nationality may have started in Manabitas lands.
The city of Bahía de Caráquez
Bahía de Caráquez, Puerta y Cuna de la Ecuatoriana is distinguished in Ecuador for its unique landscape qualities where nature and its remarkable modern architecture meet.
It is a small city, owner of incomparable characteristics; considered by many to be the quietest and safest spa town in all of Ecuador; Owner of a beach of extraordinary landscape quality and remarkably fun.
It is also a unique destination for family vacation tourism due to the tranquility that is experienced in the city and for an extensive offer of beach sports such as kayaking, surfing, windsurfing, and water skiing due to the unbeatable characteristics of our beach.
Bahía de Caráquez was declared an eco-city on February 23, 1999 and since then important projects have been developed in harmony with nature, such as the Forest in the middle of the ruins, a small reserve of tropical dry forest vegetation where the ruins left the El Niño Phenomenon in 1998, other projects such as the separation of garbage in the homes of Bahia, the reforestation of mangroves and dry forests, the recycling of paper, ecological taxis are part of the environmental route of our eco-city. (GAD, 2012)
According to data from the founding date, the city was founded in March 1624, by José de Larrazábal and initially baptized with the name of San Antonio de Caráquez. On November 3, 1875, he acquired cantonization as Sucre, in homage to General Antonio José de Sucre, his parishes are: San Jacinto, San Clemente, San Isidro, Leónidas Plaza, kilometer 20, Charapoto.
Chronicles of the arrival of Pedro de Alvarado during the conquest
By a letter that Fray Tomás de Berlanga wrote to their Majesties, the Kings of Spain, it is established that in 1535 the city of Los Caras was destroyed by Pedro de Alvarado and his people.
In that letter, sent to his Majesty, Fray Tomás de Berlanga says: “We entered the bay and river of the Caráquez, Friday on April 9, and we found there the people of a Nicaraguan galleon and we had as good our trip in comparison yours. This Bahía de los Caráquez is in half a degree from the southern band and in the charts it is in three degrees. From Bahía to Puerto Viejo there are 9 leagues along the sea.
This said Bay is one of the beautiful ports that can be in the world, that ships can come to barloar on land and ships can go up three or four leagues and they don't know if more. In this, the advanced Don Pedro de Alvarado entered and destroyed a town that was there as Indians and ruffled others and where he went with his people it is a pity to see the destruction ”. (CPM, 2010)
Already in important books the name of Bahia appears, as a historical city, where the first Spanish conquerors arrived on these coasts to give these lands to the king of Spain in the name of the king. It is important to note that they mention the geography of their entrance and that they consider it to be one of the most beautiful they find on their way.
Ancestral knowledge.
It is important to substantiate that ancestral knowledge results in the identity of a nation's people, where the fundamental rights that are established in the last Constitution approved in 2008 are clarified; In its fourth chapter on the rights of communities, peoples and nationalities, the following is recognized:
Art. 56.- Indigenous communities, towns and nationalities, the Afro-Ecuadorian people, the Montubio people and the communes are part of the Ecuadorian State, unique and indivisible (constituent, 2008)
Art. 57.- Indigenous communes, communities, peoples and nationalities are recognized and guaranteed, in accordance with the Constitution and with pacts, conventions, declarations and other international human rights instruments. (Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008, Chapter 4, Rights of Communities, Peoples and Nationalities, p. 25)
This article, analyzing the third paragraph, states "The recognition, reparation and compensation for the communities affected by racism, xenophobia and other related forms of intolerance and discrimination", the new constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008, not only proposes reparation and recognitions of these peoples and nationalities, but to guarantee culture and its different forms of expression from the constitution.
Tourism and hotel development of Bahía de Caráquez
In Bahía de Caráquez, the heyday of tourism began in the 90s and two tourism operators, the Guacamayo Tours and Bahía Dolphin Tours, opened that, from the name of the same, it can be deduced what type of tourism they were engaged in. They started above all by doing ecotourism and offered tours to the heart island, tours to the Rio Boy agro-ecological farm, visits to the Chirije archaeological site, among others. In this way the offer of ecological tourism was expanded. (Tamariz, 2014)
There is no doubt that Bahía de Caráquez and the Sucre canton are on the tourist map of Ecuador marked as an important tourist point of view by various factors such as its climate, its people, its natural resources, its cultural resources, among others that make this territory a privilege for those who live and it is undoubtedly a destination for national and foreign tourists.
Although the strength of Sucre is this type of sun and beach tourism, which is the one that sells the most as a coastal canton, but it is the owner of natural areas where forests, waterfalls, rivers, church, archaeological sites, among others, are found. the tourist is attracted to know, being able to also offer and take advantage of ecological tourism as an important alternative to local development.
Importance of the historical-artistic heritage of Bahía de Caráquez.
Some of the old buildings still remain in the city and belong to the architectural heritage, among them the Nordic-style American house which was a great center of culture and art that had as guests illustrious visitors from the artistic, cultural and business fields, whose owner of this building was Bertha Santos de Dueñas, who became an icon of the artistic and cultural history of the city.
La Merced church is another one of these historical buildings and was originally built in 1912, as a result of the financial donation made by Alberto Santos, a notable businessman in the city, whose name has been perpetuated in the history of the city, as the case from the estuary boardwalk, which bears his name. (Wikipedia, sf)
La Merced church was built with fine woods brought from the United States and Europe, and many of the building elements were imported from other countries and remained intact until before the earthquake that occurred on August 4, 1998, which affected many of its architectural structures, so it was decided to readjust it while maintaining its architectural design, stained glass and decorative elements, but not its colors that were changed.
Importance of hotel companies
Although it is true that there is still insufficient concern about the effects that tourist activities cause on their environment, a change of trend towards environmental care has begun to be seen in the country; Evidence of this is shaped by the development of new projects with sustainability criteria and the appearance of new lodging alternatives such as those previously mentioned.
This change in trend is extremely important, since the tourist influx to the different destinations is largely due to the attraction of the environment. (Gomes, 1999)
Therefore, if any of its components were degraded, it would be difficult to continue offering a pleasant image. In short, if the environment loses its attractiveness, the continuity of tourist activities is seriously compromised, with the detrimental consequences that this brings, both for the environment and for the economy.
The aforementioned, allows us to glimpse a potential opportunity in the introduction of a Green Hotel in the Sucre Canton. This opportunity is reflected in the organization's ability to incorporate innovative components in a poorly developed market with serious growth expectations, to promote the generation of new sources of income, differential training for its members, growth of the regional economy where is placed and high value for shareholders and investors.
All this added to the seriousness that the environmental problem currently has, the concern shown by national and international organizations about it and the scarcity of tourist proposals respectful of its environment, will allow to satisfy in a superior way not only an individual need, but a social one and environmental inadequately attended at the moment in the country.
Diagnosis of the hotel infrastructure of Bahía de Caráquez.
Before the earthquake, this city had a tourist plant with 1,200 places (Sucre, 2012) without counting those that are not registered and that are numerous, since the citizen of Los Caras, on many occasions, offers rooms in his residence, currently the Hosting service has been reduced to a minimum of no more than 50 beds, since the hotels are destroyed, as can be seen when a visitor walks through its streets, among them:
Hotel la Piedra with a capacity of 40 rooms is not operational due to damage to its infrastructure, according to the analysis, Hotel La Herradura, one of the oldest, is 30% operational, since the modern infrastructure overlooking the Pacific Ocean was destroyed from its pillars, only the mixed construction part works; Hotel Italia owned by the heirs of Italian migrants and with a capacity of 40 rooms is already destroyed.
The Hotel Patricio`s with just one year of construction and operation with the largest hotel capacity in the city, and with an investment that exceeded 3 million dollars, suffered the death of the owner and the destruction of one of the six-story towers This modern hotel is not yet providing service in the designated part.
Following the analysis is the Buena Vista Hotel with modern facilities, pool service, Internet and parking, suffered considerable damage and is undergoing rehabilitation; Palma Hotel with 30 rooms totally demolished, Like its neighbor The traveler with 20 rooms only left empty land, Hostal Bahía Bed and Breakfast that was in the process of opening was totally disabled with the red rating of collapse, all this disaster of the The hotel plant is only enabled by providing service to the Bahía hotel, which is at the entrance to the city and which did not suffer major damage; next to it is the Casa Ceibo hotel, located 4 km from this city, which did not suffer considerable damage.
As a complement, it should be noted that the vacation centers of the LIFE, El Comercio companies are operating, but not the buildings of channel 8 which were demolished. On the other hand, about twenty vacation rest condominiums of foreign tourists and those of the Ecuadorian highlands suffered damages in their structure and many were even demolished. In the parish of Leónidas Plaza is the Spondylus hostel, which was not damaged and which currently houses a company that is rehabilitating the streets that enter the city.
Methodology
The investigative technique to carry out this trial is the inductive method, (Rodriguez Moguel, 2005) defines it as a process in which, from the study of particular cases, universal conclusions or laws are obtained that explain or relate the phenomena studied. Therefore, this document has been based on history books related to the development of the Sucre Canton.
To evaluate the current state of the hotel facilities in the existing Sucre canton, the inventory carried out by (Manabí, 2005) was investigated taking into account the following criteria: 1.- Denomination, 2.- location, 3.- services, 4.- current status, 5.- desired situation, 6.- assessment.
Table: List of hotel infrastructure in the Sucre canton.
| CANTON SUCRE HOTELS INVENTORY | ||||||
| # | NAME OF THE ACCOMMODATION COMPANY | LOCATION | SERVICES | ACTUAL STATE | DESIRED SITUATION | ASSESSMENT |
| one | LA PIEDRA HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | OPENING IN 6 MONTHS | VERY IMPORTANT |
| two | HERRADURA HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | 50% OPERATION | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 3 | HOTEL ITALIA | CARAQUEZ BAY | GOOD ONES | DOES NOT EXIST | UNKNOWN | BASIC |
| 4 | BUENA VISTA HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | 80% OPERATION | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 5 | BAHIA HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | GOOD ONES | REPAIR | 80% OPERATION | IMPORTANT |
| 6 | BAHIA HOSTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 100% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 7 | BAHIA BED AND BREAKFAST | CARAQUEZ BAY | GOOD ONES | REPAIR | IT DOES NOT WORK | BASIC |
| 8 | COCOBONGO HOSTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | 90% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 9 | SPONDYLUS HOSTEL | LEONIDAS PLAZA | GOOD ONES | OPERATIONAL | 100% OPERATIONAL | IMPORTANT |
| 10 | HOSTAL MARIA JOSE | LEONIDAS PLAZA | GOOD ONES | REPAIR | IT DOES NOT WORK | BASIC |
| eleven | PALMA AZUL HOTEL | SAN CLEMENTE | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 90% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 12 | HOSTERIA COSTA DEL SOL | SAN CLEMENTE | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 90% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 13 | PUERTO POLO HOSTEL | SAN CLEMENTE | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 90% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 14 | SAN JACINTO HOTEL | SAN CLEMENTE | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 100% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| fifteen | CASA CEIBO HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 100% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 16 | SAIANANDO HOSTERIA | LEONIDAS PLAZA | VERY GOOD | OPERATIONAL | 100% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 17 | LIFE VACATION CENTER | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | 70% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 18 | TRADE | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | REPAIR | 70% OPERATIONAL | VERY IMPORTANT |
| 18 | PATRICIO HOTEL | CARAQUEZ BAY | VERY GOOD | CLOSED | IT DOES NOT WORK | VERY IMPORTANT |
Source: (Tourism, 2016)
Prepared by: Authors.
Results found.
After carrying out the respective observation analysis of the hotel infrastructure found in the Sucre canton, it can be determined that the city of Bahía de Caráquez has been affected considerably, that is to say that 80% of the infrastructure was affected by The last earthquake of April 16, this has also had an impact on the workforce found within each lodging company, on the other hand, it is necessary to take into account related considerations that those hotels that disappeared, their owners have not thought of building again other infrastructure because they do not feel the support of the central government for this type of investment.
Reviewing the list in the parish of San Clemente, the impact has been less, so that currently 90% of its hotels are operational, so it is essential to promote the attractions in this area, not counting artistic activities that they are giving a new stage of tourism for this important sector of the Sucre canton.
Conclusions and final discussion
- The infrastructure of the city of Bahia was seriously affected, so it can be affirmed that 90% of its structure is missing or not operational for tourism activity. As the hotel infrastructure is affected, a decrease in tourists and even citizens in the avenues, beach and the famous skating rink known to all national and international tourists who have visited the city of Bahía de Caráquez in its best times. Tourism could be encouraged by making tourist packages that provide facilities in terms of price, activities entertainment, fairs, among others, that significantly activate tourism in the affected area. Citizens who have spaces in their homes can be trained to certify as a lodging house,until the hotel infrastructure in the city can be built. Exchange programs with tourist cities in Ecuador such as Cuenca, Baños, Mindo, among others, could be exchanged with the mass media to bring tourists to the heritage city. giant effort to get tourism up in the area, in such a way that it is the job of all citizens and authorities to locate a grain of sand in investing in the hotel infrastructure of the area.in such a way that it is the job of all citizens and authorities to locate a grain of sand in investment in the hotel infrastructure of the area.in such a way that it is the job of all citizens and authorities to locate a grain of sand in investment in the hotel infrastructure of the area.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Barrera, E. (2003). Rural Tourism Manual for Rural Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Argentina, Constituent, A. (2008). Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. Montecristi.CPM. (2010). The Manabi cantons. Obtained from http://www.manabi.gob.ec/cantones/sucreGAD, S. (2012). Memories of the history of Bahia. Bahia.Gomes, B. (1999). Integration in the tourism industry: a case study approach. USA.Holm, O. (1982). Manteña Huancavilca culture. At O. Holm. Guayaquil: Central Bank of Ecuador.INEC. (2015). Income of foreign tourists to Ecuador 2010 - 2014. In Income and departures of tourists to Ecuador. Quito: Yearbook.Juillard, G. (2007). Archeology of Ecuador. Obtained from Archeology of the Manabi coast: http: //investigaciones.arqueo-ecuatoriana.ec / en / presentations-of-projects / coast / 5-archeology-of-the-coast-of-manabi-centralManabí, GP (December 2005). Provincial Government of Manabí. Obtained from the Provincial Government of Manabí: http://www.manabi.gob.ec/proyectos-2/inventario-de-atractivos-turisticosRamirez, M. (2011). Iberoamerican Anthropology Magazine. Madrid.Rodriguez Moguel, E. (2005). Investigation methodology. Mexico: Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.spondylus, E. t. (2008). First meeting of the bi-national trade and facilitation committee Ecuador Peru. Ecuador Peru tourist axis. Sucre, G. (2012). Tourism development plan. Bahia de Caraquez.Tamariz, P. (2014). The secret of paradise. Amazon.Turismo, M. d. (2016). Post-earthquake hotel inventory. Portoviejo: Ministry of Tourism.Wikipedia. (sf). Wikipedia. Obtained from https: //es.wikipedia.org / wiki / Bah% C3% ADa_de_Car% C3% A1quez
