1. Introduction
Popper was born in the year 1902 and died in the year 1994. He was a very influential author in philosophy. In the twentieth century he had many works, the most outstanding being The Logic of Scientific Research where he explains falsification widely.
Popper is said to have been born in Vienna and was here in this city until Nazism rose to power, at which point he had to settle in New Zealand due to his Jewish origin. During his youth he sympathized with left-wing political movements that he later left entirely to defend liberal theses, an issue that made him too popular.
The falsificationism was born as the intention to solve various problems without actually using induction. For this reason, I believe that it is important not to mix elements of falsificationist theory (falsifiable statement, provisional character of theories, etc.) with elements of inductive theory (security and objectivity of scientific knowledge, inductive logic, etc.) in the same discourse. because they are concepts of two theories that are mutually exclusive. As we have seen, science is presented to us in a completely opposite way, and most importantly: We have understood that falsificationism arose at the best time since the previous scientific method was totally absurd.
1.2. Differences from falsificationism
Forgery or also called the principle of falsifiability is an epistemological trend that was founded as we mentioned in the beginning by the Austrian philosopher Karl Popper. For Popper, differentiating a theory means trying to deny it using an example that goes against this. If it is not possible to deny it, said theory is proven, and may be accepted but only for the moment, since it will never be verified.
In methodological falsificationism, the
• Popper's initial naive falsificationism, • the sophisticated falsificationism of Popper's later work and
• the methodology of Imre Lakatos 1 research programs.
1.3. Counterfeiting approach
The problem of persuasion arises from being able to deny the fact that something global cannot be affirmed from the particular data that is offered according to experience. For many millions of red roses that exist, it will not be possible to certify that all roses are red ». Instead, it is enough to find a single rose that is not red to be able to affirm: «Not all roses are red». This is why Popper introduces falsificationism as a judgment of scientific jurisdiction
Popper contests verificationism as a method of admitting theories. His central theory is that there can be no ultimate scientific statements, that is, statements that cannot be proven or disproved from experience. Routine remains the distinctive method that characterizes empirical science and distinguishes it from other theoretical methods.
Popper says that there are no indisputable starting points, nor does scientific logic require them. The issue of reality is a matter of the procedure of seeking it and the procedure of recognizing appearance. However science is inductive at first coercion, the most important aspect is the deductive part. Science is determined to be rational, and rationality resides in the process by which we detract and supplant or not our claims. Faced with the hassle of induction Popper poses a chain of methodological rules that allow us to decide when we should object to a theory.
Popper devises a scientific assumption plan by which observable results are derived and tested. When the consequence of the theory is contested, it should be objected instead when everything goes contrary and if everything is proven, the process is done again taking into account other deductible consequences. When a theory has endured various challenges, it is said that it is recognized, although this means that it cannot be affirmed that it has been definitively ratified, but only temporarily, by empirical conviction.
1.4. Counterfeiting procedure
The falsificationists claim that the scientist is an expert insofar as he must fearlessly state a hypothesis that will then be subjected to harsh experiments and tests. The progress of science is in falsifying chained theories so that, knowing what it is not, we can get closer and closer to what it is.
Theories voiced by falsificationists have to be falsifiable to say the least, they can be tried and disproved by facts or by a contrary experiment. To perform with this condition, theories must be as normal as possible and as accurate as possible.
1.5. Falsifiable theories
A falsifiable theory can be "tomorrow maybe the PRD will win", since in no case can one falsify "tomorrow maybe the PRD will not win".
Another theory falsifiable in the political environment would be "the PRI will always win." A broader theory and therefore more falsifiable would be from the beginning until recently the PRI has always been the best political party. All political parties have had their chance.
A falsificationist will always choose the theories that are more falsifiable, since these are easier to be proven false, as long as they have not already been falsified. Thus science would progress by trial and error.
1.6. Bibliographic references
• Karl Popper. The logic of scientific research. Mexico, Rei, 1991.
• Artigas, Mariano (2001). Logic and ethics in Karl Popper. Eunsa. ISBN 84-313-1610-1.
• Antiseri, Dario (2002). Karl Popper: Protagonist of the 20th century. Editorial Union. ISBN 84-7209-382-4.
• Baudouin, Jean (1995). Karl Popper, Collection What do I know? No. 8. Cruz O. and National Council for Culture and the Arts. ISBN 968-20-0171-4.
• Farfán, Rafael (1994). Austrian thought in exile. Economics, politics and philosophy in Hayek, Von-mises, Chumpeter and Popper. Autonomous Metropolitan University.
• External links Wikiquote contains famous quotes from or about Karl Popper. Wikiquote. Karl Popper - Article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Karl Popper Web. Influence on Friesian Philosophy.
1. Imre Lakatos, born Imre Lipschitz (Debrecen, Hungary, 1922 - London, 1974), was a Hungarian mathematician and philosopher of science of Jewish origin who managed to save himself from Nazi persecution by changing his last name.
