1. Introduction
Given the scope and pace of the transformations, society increasingly tends to be based on knowledge, which is why higher education and research are now a fundamental part of the cultural, socio-economic and ecologically sustainable development of individuals, communities and nations.
Education is called to play an important role, which will depend on the role and importance that society, the state and governments give to the changes and transformations that are necessary in the educational field to raise quality.
It is this reason that leads to higher education has to impose important challenges, having to undertake major transformations and renovations, so that contemporary society, which is currently experiencing a deep crisis of values, can transcend merely economic considerations and assume dimensions of more deeply rooted morality and spirituality.
Moved by these transformation events, and observing the need to implement a "Strategy to contribute to protecting and consolidating values", the Engineering in Petroleum Administration degree at the Technical University of Santa Cruz, UTEPSA has been chosen as the study unit..
1.1 Statement of the problem
There is no doubt that the fundamental perspectives in university education at the present time are based on education throughout life, with equity and with a guarantee of quality not only in the professional competitive order, but also in the elevation of human values that allow higher education institutions the historical primacy in the social development of humanity.
In the political, economic and social environment, it should be noted that the serious problems that affect humanity are having a significant impact on their development. Among these current problems in society, it is enough to point out globalization, disintegration, unemployment, poverty, marginalization, violence, wars, degradation, indebtedness, exclusion, discrimination, exploitation, persecution, famine, illiteracy, intolerance, degradation of the environment and polarization. of knowledge.
The crisis of values currently experienced in all ranks of our society, surely it is not the fault of the university, but the implementation of a strategy for the contribution to the protection and consolidation of values is imperative , as an entity of education.
In order to help protect and consolidate the values, it was considered necessary to diagnose the degree program and its environment within the entire university, prepare and offer a proposal for the implementation of a strategy for the development of the subject.
Formulating key questions
What are values?
Different types of securities?
What Values can be applied at the UTEPSA University according to its characteristics?
What values can be applied in the Engineering career in oil administration?
What would be the ideal implementation strategy?
1.2 Limits
1.2.1 Substantive limit
The present study will be carried out based on theories and foundations of the types of values and the teaching-learning processes.
1.2.2 Spatial limit
The study will be carried out in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Engineering Career in Petroleum Administration, of the Private Technical University of Santa Cruz, UTEPSA.
1.2.3 Time limit
This research study will be carried out between the second semester of 2007.
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objectives.
Design a " Strategy to help protect and consolidate values " for the students of the Engineering Degree in Petroleum Administration, from the Private Technical University of Santa Cruz, UTEPSA, in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives.
• Carry out the search for information regarding knowledge of the values related to the university student population.
• Search for information on the different types of securities.
• Values applicable at UTEPSA University, according to their characteristics.
• The values applicable to the Engineering in Petroleum Administration career.
• Propose strategic solutions through teaching-learning techniques for the design of a strategic contribution of values.
1.4 Methodology
The methodology that will be applied for the elaboration of this final work is descriptive - explanatory, which will allow identifying the values within our environment and university, the actions to be followed to achieve the objectives, starting with a diagnosis and concluding in a proposal for "Strategy to help protect and consolidate values"
Referential framework
2. Referential theoretical framework
2.1 Values
2.1.1 Concept of values
The curricula and curricular designs in higher education mention in the graduation profile the most important aspects that students must possess, such as the knowledge, abilities and skills, attitudes and values that will enable them to be a competent professional who solves the needs of society.
Before trying to decide what should be the values that, in general, students should acquire and develop within the field of design, it will be important to define what are the values:
A value is something that perfects the owner, it is something valuable that enriches it. The man looks for it because for him it represents something that will make him better or will give him more.
Each man has his own order of values depending on what he wants to do in his life. Everything that brings him closer to this goal will be valuable to him, and he will reject everything that keeps him from his end.
It should be noted that values are expressed by actions and in this sense I would like to add that these actions are ethical when they are in favor of nature, life, health and the dignity of the human being.
The formation of values, an important fact that is normally overlooked, must be considered with due seriousness and importance since if a student is educated within the values suggested by their higher education institution, they will be a better student and a professional educated with principles that will benefit himself and the society within which he provides his services and develops.
Every value refers to an excellence or a perfection, as an example we can say that being honest is considered as a value, telling the truth, and that is more valuable than lying. The lie will be a counter value.
Values are appreciated from the subjectivist vision, which considers that the values are not real, that they are not worth more in themselves than in the people who give them value, depending on the liking or displeasure they produce. From an objectivist perspective, values are said to be worth regardless of things and people's estimates. In this way, even if we are liars, the truth will continue to have a value.
2.1.2 Classification of securities.
Moral values:
They perfect man in himself, in his essence as a person. For example: justice, temperance, strength, prudence.
Social values:
They perfect man in his relationship with others. For example: kindness, honesty, service, solidarity, patriotism.
Intellectual Values:
They perfect man in his appearance, reason, intellect, memory. Example:
science, knowledge, wisdom. Within this class. We can mention those related to art.
Technical Values:
They perfect men by helping them to have better living conditions. For example: study, organization, work, creativity.
Vital Values:
They perfect man in his physiological aspect. For example: agility, strength, health, sport, pleasure, exercise.
2.1.3 Hierarchy of values.
1 person
2. Man
3. Animals
4. Plants
5. Things.
Herrera, RM (1998)
2.1.4 Values proposed for the career of Engineering in Petroleum Administration
The following values will guide the behavior and all the actions and decisions in the work of the race according to their profile.
2.1.4.1 Environmental values.
- Commitment to carry out actions that recover and conserve the environment.
- Commitment to develop safe and clean technologies that use the best environmental practices
- Commitment to minimize waste and polluting agents, conserving resources and recycling materials at each stage of the product life cycle.
- Work with clients and public authorities, actively pursuing the development and implementation of technologies and products, minimizing their environmental impact.
2.1.4.2 Business values.
- Orientation towards customer service
A permanent attitude of respect and concern for the requirements of clients, internal, external and final consumer; as well as a constant investigation of your needs.
- Permanent search for excellence in processes, products and services
Constant concern and implementation of concrete actions to supply products and services that meet customer expectations in terms of time, cost, quality and efficiency in the processes that are applied at all stages of the production chain, considering the protection of the environment. ambient.
- Internal transparency and against public opinion
Business performance and that of its officials in compliance with legality, technical criteria and ethical principles; as well as adequate information to interested institutions and citizens.
- Commitment in the performance of their duties and with their results
Attitude of commitment and responsibility with the tasks entrusted, viewing them as part of a greater gear and as key elements for the total success of the Company.
- Teamwork and convergence of efforts
Disposition of efforts in the realization of the strategic objectives of the Company, making the individual and group objectives compatible with those of the organization.
2.2 Meaningful Learning and how it contributes to the formation of solid values
Significant learning is the result of the interaction of previous knowledge and new knowledge and its adaptation to the context, and which will also be functional at a certain moment in the life of the individual. Meaningful Learning: It is BUILD by means of old and new experiences. Establishment of substantive and non-arbitrary relationships between the relevant and relevant prior knowledge available to the subject and the content to be learned.
Meaningful learning is in such a way that the person acquires their own knowledge of their daily life, this favors their social behavior.
Meaningful learning is what happens when, when new knowledge comes to our mind, we make it our own, that is, it modifies our behavior
For meaningful learning to occur it is necessary
- That learning makes sense for the student.
- That the information presented is structured with some internal coherence (logical significance).
- That the contents are related to what the student already knows (psychological significance).
Meaning in meaningful learning
When the student is motivated, he starts his intellectual activity. The term meaning is used to refer to the variables that influence the student's willingness to make the effort necessary to learn in a meaningful way.
It refers to the entire context where the teaching and learning processes take place and includes factors such as:
- The student's self-image, - Fear of failure
- The confidence that your teacher deserves
- The group climate
- The way of conceiving learning
- Interest in content
Ensuring that the student wants to learn requires: both the effort to make the content interesting, and to seek a climate where learning makes sense. In addition to wanting, it is also essential that the student can do it.
Psychological significance of the content
The contents must be appropriate to the level of development and previous knowledge that the university has. Interest in the subject does not guarantee that students can learn too complex content.
In order for the student to assimilate the contents, their knowledge structure needs to have schemas with which they can relate and interpret the information presented to them. If the student does not have them, no matter how neat and clear the new information is, they will not be able to understand it since it requires a specific level of reasoning or knowledge that they do not have.
conclusion
The assimilation of the content object of study, when it is carried out in a meaningful way, becomes more conscious, it is the personal criterion product of interest and full understanding, solidity and constructive integration of thinking, feeling and acting are achieved in training. of solid values.
Diagnosis
3 Diagnosis
3.1 Global securities situation
The World Values Study is a worldwide investigation of sociocultural and political changes. It has been developed with national studies of basic values and credibility of public institutions in more than 65 societies on all continents, containing more than 80% of the world's population. It was created in the European Values Study in 1981. The second wave of studies, designed for universal application, was completed in the years 1990 and 1991; a third wave was carried out between 1995 and 1996 and the fourth wave is being developed in the period 1999-2001.
This research has produced evidence of gradual and pervasive change in what people expect of life, and the basic trend of these changes is predictable. This study has generated more than 300 publications, in 16 different languages.
This project has been carried out by an international network of social scientists, through local funding for each study (in some cases it has been possible to collect funds from other sources). In consideration for providing the information, generated through surveys to a representative group of the population of at least 1,000 people for each society, each participant has immediate access to the information of the other participating societies. In this way, researchers can compare the values and beliefs of their population, with more than 60 societies under the same parameters. In addition, they are invited to international meetings, where they can compare evidence and interpretations with other WVS members.
This project is guided by a representative steering committee from all regions of the world. The coordination and distribution of information is directed by the Institute for Social Studies at the University of Michigan, under the direction of Ronald Inglehart.
Information from the World Values Survey has increased its good name in recent years, and has been used by hundreds of publications in more than a dozen languages. This information has also been used as an academic basis for undergraduate, postgraduate and postdoctoral university courses, for training purposes. For example, the second edition of Roussell Dalton's "Citizen Policies" includes a database on magnetic media, as an instruction mechanism. Similarly, the Micro Case Corporation has extended the use of the WVS database in four line publications: "American Goverment", "Discovering Sociology", "Cultural Anthropology, and" Comparative Politics: An introduction Using Explorit ". According to this corporation, more than 50,000 students each year use the WVS database.
Where do we buy them? Who gave us "Honesty", "Loyalty", "Decency", "Honor", "Dignity", "Freedom"? Who taught us with their living example, all those values?
Every time we buy or sell, we include all the economic values that we manage in our activity. But, unconsciously, we also imply our moral values, which are, ultimately, those that give the true "color" to our transaction by exposing ourselves as we are.
Let's rewind a little and review our history. We see the teachers of the Faculty and of the Secondary. Further back, to the primary school teachers, to sometimes unknown people who one day crossed our lives and explained to us - even to a small extent - each of those moral virtues that we claim.
A person with high moral values will promote respect for man, cooperation and understanding, an open and tolerant attitude, as well as service for the common welfare.
Posted by Bachelor of Gerontology, January 12, 2006 www.noticias.com
Humberto Trujillo Contreras
Updated: 01/12/2006
3.2 Values at present national
Crisis of values
The Bolivian crisis is a crisis of values in the economic, social, political and spiritual aspects and has a direct relationship with education, said the priest, writer and researcher Gregorio Iriarte, within the framework of the First International Congress of Innovative Educational Proposals to be held. performed in Sucre.
The scholar added that the crisis has its origin in the type of functionalist education that is taught in the country, where the most important thing becomes the exam and the degree, with the consequent loss of values and social sensitivity. That is to say, teachers orient their teaching to the area of knowledge, forgetting values.
Along these lines, he maintained that true education is always comprehensive, encompassing the head, the heart, ideas, feelings, knowledge, being, knowledge and behavior.
For this reason, teachers must have a clear idea that their role is not only to instruct or teach, but to educate. In this way, a developed person with comprehensive potential will be obtained, who not only seeks to enrich himself with his profession, he added.
Sucre / Correo del sur Tuesday, May 2, 2006 Sucre - Bolivia
What is meant by securities reform?
(Gregorio Iriarte)
For there to be a new political and economic order in the short and medium term, there must be a long-term reform of moral values. We are today faced with a different scale of values. Values are the heritage of our own culture and it is they who guide all our relationships.
However, we find that in our environment there is a progressive loss of the normative value of ethics as a means of regulating the behavior of individuals and social groups.
Despite this, we also see that new values are present in our environment and that a large part of traditional values are accepted but from a different perspective. However, the balance between the new values provided by post-modernity and the traditional values that we have lost is profoundly negative for our society. It is more what we have lost than what we have gained. However, the new that comes to us cannot constitute an enemy of the traditional. There must be a complementarity and an articulation between what is now and what is always, between modernity and tradition.
Therefore, a reaction from all sectors of society is absolutely necessary to find this urgent integration as a response to the crisis of values that affects us. We must recognize that deep and important moral reserves still lie in the ancient cultures of Latin America.
It is urgent to value and revitalize them through all the means at our disposal. Self-esteem must be developed, both culturally and personally.
It is evident that the crisis of values directly affects the very essence of nationality since the sense of homeland and that of belonging to it are lost. Therefore, it must be addressed from the Government itself and from all parties, since it affects their own political praxis.
There must be an alternative response to this challenge from the whole of society as a whole. We must develop the response capacity, strengthening the local, our own and everything that is ours. For this reason, the Government must prepare programs at the national level that constitute civic education as an essential theme as the basis of a new political, economic, and social order.
P. Gregorio Iriarte and Joel Harvey
3.3 Values at Utepsa University.
UTEPSA University Mission
Educate to Entrepreneur and Serve
Aware of the role of the University in a knowledge society, UTEPSA assumes the Mission of:
Promote a comprehensive, lifelong education system focused on students, aimed at training the intellectual, spiritual, and physical capacities of its students, teachers, and administrators.
Inspired by the principles of global citizenship, a culture of peace and a spirit of service, UTEPSA professionals will be entrepreneurial, innovative, investigative and creative leaders in a highly interconnected and interdependent world.
Both the University and its professionals will play a leading role in promoting research, development and prosperity in society. Beyond offering a 'degree', UTEPSA is committed to equipping its graduates with the skills to create new ventures and jobs for our society.
Principles of the UTEPSA University
Nature of the human being and the educational process
The first category describes the characteristics of the nature of the human being, in order to base the characteristics of the educational process in the university. The World Conference on Higher Education (1998) instructs Universities to dedicate themselves to the education of the integrity of the human being. The complementary natures of the human being, the free search for truth, the harmony between science and religion, the attitude of entrepreneurship and service will be analyzed in detail; and their impact on the educational process of
UTEPSA.
The task of the university is to educate and train. The human being is the active subject of this process. The active subject of the main task of the university, to educate and train, is the human being. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a conceptual framework on what is understood by human beings and their nature. This definition will mark the direction of the educational process, the achievement of individual and collective transformation as well as social well-being.
Results
4 Results
4.1 Results at national and global level
According to the diagnosis made, we are at a global and national level in the presence of a global crisis of values in all of humanity as a whole, which despite the enormous material progress that exists, is disoriented, uncontrolled, unbalanced, self-centered and materialistic; cocky about her "progress" (which is nothing more than negative vertical development) and deeply atheistic.
The present civilization has developed a technology modern enough to build diversity of forms and ways on our planet and even to destroy it. But the consistency of development with Nature has been neglected. He develops specific concepts, but he forgets about the Universal Laws… The balance between the physical laws and the biological phenomena is so delicate that it must be maintained so that total chaos does not occur. In the unbridled race on the path of technological development, this balance is being irreflexibly broken… Outside of this, the human being is conditioned to be a slave to that development. And if we add to that the lack of both spiritual and moral values;the promotion of vice and of obtaining easy profits and the excessive desire to “have” and “have power”, the basis of most individual consciences, which in turn generates a weak collective consciousness, makes development it is primarily oriented towards destructive military purposes; and it is subsequently adapted, for economic reasons, in a situation of relative peace, to its peaceful use.
The slow and gradual deterioration of the environment, the irrational use of natural resources; the corruption; crime; hunger, war, intolerance; the lack of respect for the rights of others; envy, selfishness, lack of principle; the use of the strong against the weak; the killing of defenseless beings; parental irresponsibility; The injustices; the excessive reason for people and nations to increase their power at the expense of universal suffering, the historical persecution between oppressors and oppressed; which is complicated today, with the variant of an even greater persecution among the oppressed themselves, etc., etc.
4.2 Results at university level
Inserted in the mission of the UTEPSA University, we find phrases very close to the formation or contribution of values, such as "Promoting a comprehensive education system, for life", but carefully reviewing the career curriculum, we did not find any subject exclusively that it dedicates itself to imparting said contributions. In the same way, by reviewing the objectives of the subject, we also failed to find any guideline that would lead us to contribute to protecting and consolidating the values.
4.3 Priority of the university
According to the world declaration on higher education in the 21st century vision action carried out on October 9, 1998, held at the UNESCO Paris headquarters, in “the missions and functions of higher education”, article 1, paragraph e, of La mission to educate and carry out research: it is proclaimed.
e) contribute to protecting and consolidating the values of society, ensuring that the values in which democratic citizenship rests are instilled in young people and providing critical and objective perspectives in order to promote debate on strategic options and the strengthening of humanistic approaches;
Therefore, the UTEPSA university must intervene in the contribution strategies and processes to protect and consolidate the values among the students.
The aforementioned does not mean that the subject of Values necessarily exists in the study plan or in the curriculum. The instrumentation corresponds to take it, responsibly, in its orientation and control by the academic career leaders, discipline managers and fundamentally, that the instructors instruct it for the development of their instructional process, through classes and all their forms of organization of the teaching learning, because instruction is linked to the educational process and comprehensive training of the future professional.
The teaching-learning process, for the formation of values, is an implicit and explicit way, therefore, in teaching activities, with the students, it must be guaranteed, because this is the way in the pedagogical and didactic sciences of the work of forming positive changes in the personality of the educator, and in it the values are always present.
5. Proposal
The teaching-learning process, for the formation of values, is an implicit and explicit way, therefore, in teaching activities, with the students, it must be guaranteed, because this is the way in the pedagogical and didactic sciences of the work of forming positive changes in the personality of the educator, and in it the values are always present.
5.1.1 Explicit way Characterization of the Proposed workshop Program
Integration Workshop
a.- Proposed name of the workshop
Integration workshop “Values in the Engineering career
Petroleum Administration ”
b.- Workshop in the career to be taught.
Petroleum Administration Engineering.
c.- Workshop classification:
General Training.
d.- Prerequisite
5th semester expired
e.- Numbers of theoretical and practical hours.
8 theoretical hours
4 practical hours.
5.1.2 General objective of the workshop
Contribute to protect and consolidate the existing values of students, in the same way raise awareness of the importance of values in decisions in professional life.
5.1.3 Specific objectives of the workshop.
- Know the origins and concepts of values.
- Know the classification of the values.
- Contribute to protect and consolidate existing values.
- Understand the applications and benefits of the values associated with business activities.
5.1.4 Contents grouped by units or themes.
Unit 1.- Concept of values. Unit 2.- Classification of values.
Topic 3.- Current situation of values at global, national and local level
Topic 4.- Hierarchy of values Topic 5.- Environmental values Topic 6.- Business values.
Unit 7.- Practical examples of the incidence of values.
5.1.5 Workshop exhibition
1 Part Presentation of the concepts of values, classification and current situation at the global, national and local levels.
2 Part The importance of environmental and business values, as deciding factors in projects.
3 Plenary part and brief exposition of the incidents that they could see in the environment as exposed.
4 Part Cause-effect analysis (environmental or business values) Causes Improper project approvals; For lack of knowledge, for bribes, for social circles, for corruption, for bad practice of engineering or administration.
Effects Chemical, physical, industrial disasters, waste, pollution.
Damage to natural, human, and social resources.
5.1.6 Teaching process
Meaningful learning lends itself to best deliver to students, taking into consideration the following points:
It is assumed that all the content selected by the curriculum is necessary for the training of students, to the extent that they are learned significantly.
Not all students have the same predisposition towards all content. The learning is significant because the content is of interest to the student. Interest should be understood as something to be created and not simply as something the student "has". Interest is sparked as a result of the dynamics that set in the class.
It is not necessary to try to disguise the contents so that they are not boring, but they must suppose the possibility of understanding and intervening in reality.
Meaningful Learning: It is BUILD by means of old and new experiences. Establishment of substantive and non-arbitrary relationships between the relevant and relevant prior knowledge available to the subject and the content to be learned.
So it is important to deliver many images of before and after the execution of a project, hence the importance of practical work.
5.1.7 Evaluation
Preparation and presentation of a practical work with qualification based on 100 Points.
Work in groups depending on the participants. Example
a) Evaluate the situation of the Pirai river, in the area that you prefer, before and after the installation of the nearest gas pipelines.
b) Identify the flaws, if any, to substantiate.
c) If there are no failures, substantiate.
d) Prepare the project by applying all the arguments and foundations made.
5.2 Implicit way in subjects to be chosen by academic career managers, or by discipline managers
It is important that teachers implement it for the development of their instructional process, through classes and all its forms of organization of the teaching-learning process, Evaluation
Preparation and presentation of a practical work with qualification based on 15% or 20% of the subject.
I work in groups depending on the students. Example
A current situational project involving environmental or business values1.
6. Conclusions
To finish this work called " Strategy to help protect and consolidate values " in the Engineering in Petroleum Administration degree, from the Private Technical University of Santa Cruz, UTEPSA. A series of conclusions and recommendations from this study will be addressed.
- That worldwide, a crisis of values is being experienced, a global crisis of Humanity as a whole, that despite the enormous material progress that exists, is disoriented, uncontrolled, unbalanced, self-centered and materialistic; cocky about her "progress"
- The Bolivian crisis is a crisis of values in the economic, social, political and spiritual aspects and is directly related to education.
- The calls for the formation, contribution, protection and consolidation of values are the universities, since they fulfill a social mandate.
- Validity is determined by the effects and results that have been taking place in society.
- That the instrumentation corresponds to take it, responsibly, in its orientation and control by the academic career leaders, discipline managers and fundamentally, that the instructors instruct it for the development of their instructional process, through the classes and all their forms of organization of the teaching-learning process, because instruction is linked to the educational process and the integral formation of the professional future.
- Its starting point is to teach the formation of values in the university, implicitly and explicitly, and upon arrival the acquired knowledge of the importance of values.
