Database research revolved around object-oriented databases. Which have been quite successful in managing complex data in fields where relational databases have not been able to develop efficiently. Thus, tools such as Excel and Access from the Microsoft Office package were developed that mark the beginning of object-oriented databases.
In the academically interesting early 1980s, the relational model was not initially used in practice due to its performance drawbacks; organizations believed that it was not necessary to have relational databases because it could not match the performance of existing hierarchical and network databases.
This situation changed with SYSTEM R, an innovative project from the IBM RESEARCH research center that developed techniques for the construction of an efficient relational database system. The fully functional SYSTEM R prototype led to IBM's first relational database product: SQL / DS. When the first commercial relational database systems came out, such as IBM's DB2, Oracle, Ingres, and DEC's RDB, they played an important role in developing techniques for efficient declarative query processing. In the early 1980s the relational database had become competitive against hierarchical and network database systems even in performance.
Relational databases were so easy to use that they eventually replaced hierarchical and network databases; programmers using those databases were forced to deal with a lot of low-level implementation details and had to code their queries procedurally. More importantly, you had to keep performance in mind when designing your programs, which took a lot of effort.
In contrast, in relational databases, almost all of these low-level tasks are performed automatically by the database system, freeing up the programmer to focus on the logical level. Since its leadership in the 1980s, the relational model has reigned without dispute among all data models. The 1980s also witnessed a great deal of research on the parallel and distributed database, as well as early work on object-oriented databases.
In the early 1990s, organizations chose to have relational models since the SQL language was designed primarily for decision-support applications, which are intensive in queries, while the main objective of databases in the 1980s were transaction processing applications, which are update intensive.
Organizations realized the importance of helping decision-making, queries re-emerged as an important application area for databases. Organizations realized the importance of using tools to analyze large amounts of data and this experienced tremendous growth.
Around this time many database brands introduced parallel database products. Different brands of databases also began adding object-oriented relational support to their databases.
It was also at this time when the first publication made by ANSI of the SQL language began to be modified and new regular expressions, recursive queries, TRIGGERS and some object-oriented features began to be added, which later in the 21st century will undergo modifications again by introducing features of XML, changes in its functions, standardization of the sequence object and auto-numeric columns.
In addition, the possibility that SQL can be used in conjunction with XML will be created, and the ways of how to import and save XML data in an SQL database will be defined. Thus, the possibility of providing facilities that allow applications to integrate the use of XQUERY (XML query language) for concurrent access to ordinary SQL data and XML documents. And later, it will be possible to use the ORDER BY clause. In the late 1990s, the main event was the explosive growth of the Word Wide Web. Organizations no longer wanted database systems to analyze large amounts of data and help them with decision-making, but instead wanted their databases to be implemented much more widely.
Now database systems had to support very high transaction processing rates, as well as very high reliability and have 24 x 7 availability (availability 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, which means that there is no downtime due to planned maintenance activities). Database systems also had to support web interfaces for data.
The beginning of the 21st century has seen the emergence of XML and its associated query language, XQUERY, as a new database technology. By this time, organizations are already working with a database system to control their data and thus be able to make decisions.
Currently, the big three companies dominating the database market are IBM, Microsoft and Oracle. For its part, in the internet field, the company that generates a large amount of information is Google.
According to DR. Osvaldo Cairo there is a great variety of software that allows creating and managing databases with great ease, such as LINQ, which is a Microsoft project that adds native queries similar to those of SQL to the languages of the.NET platform. The goal of this project is to allow all the code made in Visual Studio to be also object-oriented; since before LINQ the manipulation of external data had a more structured concept than object-oriented; and that is why it tries to facilitate and standardize access to these objects.
It should be noted that Visual Studio is an integrated development environment for Windows operating systems that supports several programming languages such as Visual C ++, Visual #, Visual J #, ASP.NET and Visual Basic.NET, although the necessary extensions are being developed for others., whose objective is to allow the creation of applications, web sites and applications, as well as web services to any environment that supports the.Net platform, thus creating applications that intercommunicate between workstations, web pages and mobile devices. To conclude, the development of database management systems was very important for organizations because through this they could consult their information faster and be able to make decisions.Database management systems consist of a set of interrelated data and a set of programs to access that data, the data describes a specific company. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for the people who use it for information storage and retrieval.
Database systems are designed to store large amounts of information. Data management implies both the definition of structures for the storage of information and the provision of mechanisms for the manipulation of information. In addition, database systems must take care of the security of stored information, in case of system crashes or unauthorized access attempts.
Bibliography
DR. Osvaldo C. & MC Silvia G. (2002). Data structure. 2nd edition. Omega.
Abraham S., Henry FK, S. sudarshan. (2002). Database fundamentals. 2nd edition. Spain: inter-American.
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