Summary
The development of an innovative business model, aimed at the provision of products and services that allow the adequate administration of information as an input in companies, fundamental in Las Tunas through contracting or outsourcing schemes - also known as outsourcing, - which refers to the process that occurs when an organization hires another to carry out part of its activities. Information as a good subject to administrative actions and seen as an input for new performances is not assimilated by the business team in Las Tunas in all its magnitude, this vision is given by economic factors and by a poor appreciation of information as a technological input.It is proposed through the use of collaboration tools to provide in the local context appreciate Ciget as a business partner that is in charge of the provision, control and development of external information that will allow the company to develop new projects and their organizational improvement, where innovation as an informational process cannot be absent.
The proposed business is supported by innovation and the use of information management and collaboration tools in order to deliver the technological services contracted by clients in an agile and timely manner.
Abstract
The development of an innovative business model, for the provision of products and services that enable proper management of information as an input in business, fundamentals of Las Tunas through outsourcing or contracting schemes - also known as outsourcing - - refers to the process that occurs when an organization hires another to perform some of their activities. Information as a commodity subject to management actions and seen as input for new performances is not assimilated by the prickly corporate campus in all its magnitude, this view is given by economic factors and a poor appreciation of information as technological input. It is proposed by using collaboration tools provide the local context to appreciate the CIGET as a business partner that is responsible for the provision,control and development of external information which will develop the company new projects and organizational development, where innovation as an informational process can not be absent. The Proposed business, supported on innovation and the use of tools of information management and collaboration to deliver short and timely technological services purchased by customers.
Introduction
An Information System is the set of interrelated elements that collects data - iconic, symbolic (phonomemic or numerical) or sign (linguistic, logical or mathematical) records by means of which facts, concepts or instructions are represented - processes and converts them into information, which it stores to later distribute among its users. Like any system, it also includes a feedback loop as a control mechanism through which it is possible to know if the expectations and requirements of the users are being met. Every company has various information subsystems, arising from the different departments, that make up the main system. On the other hand, information technologies are the means in which information systems are developed and used,as are computers, networks, etc. In other words, information systems produce the reports that come to us through information technologies.
The information in the company has value in general and especially for the economy if:
- It contributes to reducing uncertainty. It is important for modifying or making decisions. It contributes to improving knowledge not only in the state of the art of the branch it comes from, but also useful for the organization in general. (Barreiro Noa 2012).
Certain authors, (Rothwell, 1994), characterize this generation by the integration of different components of the industry (science, technology, market, society), flexibility of the processes and above all, efficient information management which allows the entity form a strategic knowledge from the data obtained from computer management. Rothwell also maintains that innovation is a process of accumulation of knowledge (Know how) and learning, facilitating organizations to obtain great advantages from the rapid management of information, where the connection between the internal of the company and the exterior (suppliers, distributors, customers), are separated in real and parallel time.
At present, the technological environment in the global sphere demands competition mechanisms that are very different from those traditionally used, the industry focuses its greatest efforts on obtaining higher quality products, new, and that their imitation is almost nil.
Having the best technology, an efficient production organization, and timely distribution, gives the company an advantageous position with respect to other competing entities and an adequate Opportunity Cost in the provision of services or delivery of products..
Current trends in business management affirm that innovation in its purest conception is an informational process in which knowledge is acquired, processed and transferred (Hauschildt, 1992). In this context and with the transformation of the appropriate information towards the creation of an increasingly innovative product (useful knowledge and of strategic value) and putting in the hands of the organizational structure the ideal conditions for the knowledge to flow constantly, in order to to quickly obtain new ideas in the development of projects and innovations that allow a timely introduction to the market.
However, in companies, the material conditions are not always created in both human and technological resources to have access to secondary sources of information such as: Internet, producer and patent databases and information is lost as a strategic resource for making decisions. decisions.
In this context, the Ciget that has the technological infrastructure and the technical personnel trained to operate the different search engines, mastering information management techniques and computer hardware and software resources, is not always taken into account in carrying out of a business; a technological change or as a provider of information. Therefore, we consider that subcontracting, or outsourcing applied to information management as a business economic process in which an entity delegates information resources to Ciget as a defined business model - as the way in which an organization creates, distributes and captures serving a market segment - would become a driving force for development in the province and an opportunity cost for the company and Ciget.
Doing an analysis of the above, it is proposed: To design an information business model in companies through contracting or outsourcing schemes with Ciget Las Tunas.
Methods
The main scientific methods used were:
Theoretical methods:
Historical-logical approach to local development processes that allows the understanding of the historical evolution of the development of the Cuban economy and the need to advance in the decentralization of business management and in the creation of synergies between the organizational elements in the territory.
Analysis-synthesis, in the search and processing of information
Systemic method in the conception of the model of contracting or outsourcing schemes at the local level for the training, operation and development of through the different integration relationships that are generated between the local company systems, where their components, structures as well as as the factors that affect its functionality.
Methods and techniques
Documentary analysis: to obtain the national and international theoretical and practical experiences that support the proposal.
The simple and participative observation allowed to collect the accumulated experience in the different spaces such as the work meetings with the actors involved in the projects, as well as the business managers.
Technological prospective methods, such as brainstorming and the expert consultation method, served to assess the proposed model.
The interview addressed the most particular elements in the feasibility of the model through contracting or outsourcing schemes at the local level.
Description of the contribution of the research, novelty and actuality.
The scientific novelty of the research is based on the following contributions:
Theoretical: it consists of the conceptualization of the factors of absorption of knowledge and coordination in the formation of a contracting or outsourcing scheme based on the concepts and methods selected and adapted to the specific conditions of the development strategy of the province within updating the Cuban economic model.
Methodological: Provide a procedure that allows the identification of knowledge absorption and coordination capacities in the training and development of a contracting or outsourcing scheme and the increase in efficiency in business post-decisions.
Practical: Use of research methods adapted to the conditions of the provinces for the formation and development of contracting or outsourcing schemes based on the needs of companies and entities, identification of absorption and coordination factors contextualized to the need of each entity, as a way to strengthen the scientific-technological movement in business decision-making. This will result in a transformation in the traditional scheme of planning, organization and management of Innovation in companies.
Development
Stages of the contracting or outsourcing scheme model
Here the methodological criteria are established where the stages of the model that will stimulate the formation and development of contracting or outsourcing schemes are detailed, through coordination capacities that favor the improvement of business and organizational management of the territory. From:
Outsourcing as a model for information management in Cuba
Design of the contracting or outsourcing model
According to Díaz and Norma (2005), the theoretical model is a mental representation, a theoretical construction resulting from an abstraction that represents how a phenomenon should behave in reality, it moves in the world of what to do, taking as Therefore, a high component of the future.
Constituting the procedure according to Beltrán, et al (2007 p. 32), which establishes “… the way to carry out an activity or set of activities,” as the technical way established to execute something that involves an action to be transmitted or phases, differing from the method, in that the latter (the method) has a conceptual character and the procedure is technical (that is, action) and therefore, it is the method plus the action.
The model is conceived from the methodological bases of Outsourcing with the incorporation of good practice in managerial decision making. The decision to outsource needs to be subject to an appropriate administrative process and not simply made, as is the case with many other decisions, on financial or technical grounds.
What this methodology does is help plan, help set expectations, both within the organization and abroad, and indicates those areas where the organization needs specialized knowledge. The economic affects, impacts and acts on the individual logic given by human nature itself, which are not always rational expectations and which has a lot to do with the asymmetric information, in good words, manipulated that we receive through different means. This asymmetric information fundamentally related to the markets, exists for any action of information management and specifically with the so-called Business Intelligence. Cultural conditions,Political and religious make up our vision on many aspects of life and are explanatory of many social facts that condition the movement of a society. The management and use of information to make decisions does not escape this paradigm.
Although there is a consensus on the contribution of social anthropology to the development of an economic theory from a social theory, it has been little applied to the microeconomic component to which the information responds. The Domain Analysis Theory of Information Science arises as a result of the questioning of the cognitive model in relation to the exclusion of the social and cultural environments in which the individual participates. Thus, many information users consider that they are themselves the most interested in the search for useful information for their investigative purposes and according to the followers of Domain Theory it is… the fundamental problem of this philosophy… to train information specialists, professionals, and do research without just teaching specialized subject knowledge.A specialist in a discipline is not an information science specialist. The domain analytical approach is an attempt to attack this problem… Hjorland (2003), the creator of this theory, defined approaches that, in his opinion, can be used to solve what he considers a problem:
- Production of literature guides: “The literature guides organize sources of information in a domain in correspondence with their types and the functions they serve. They emphasize ideographic descriptions of information sources and descriptions of how some sources complement others, offer a kind of systemic perspective. "Construction of special classifications and thesauri:" Special classifications and thesauri, especially those with a facet-based approach, organize the logical structures of categories and concepts in a domain, as well as the semantic relationships between concepts. ”Indexing and retrieval specialties:“ They organize simple documents or collections to improve the retrievability and visibility of their specific epistemological potentialities. ”Empirical user studies:“They can organize domains according to the preference or behavior or mental models of their users.” Bibliometric studies: “They organize sociological patterns of explicit recognition between individual documents.” Historical studies: “They organize traditions, paradigms, as well as documents and forms of expression and their mutual influences. ”Studies of documents and genres:“ They reveal the organization and structure of different types of documents in a domain. ”Epistemological and critical studies:“ They organize the knowledge of a domain in paradigms according to their basic assumptions about the knowledge and reality. ”Terminology Studies, Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP), Database Semantics, and Discourse Studies:“ Terminology Studies,LSPs and discourse studies organize words, texts and sentences in a domain according to semantic and pragmatic criteria. ”Structures and institutions in scientific communication:“ Studies of structures and institutions in scientific communication organize the main actors and institutions according to the internal division of labor in the domain. ”Scientific cognition, expert knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI, for its acronym in English). "Domain analysis in professional cognition and artificial intelligence provides mental models of a domain or methods for congratulating knowledge to produce expert systems.""Studies of structures and institutions in scientific communication organize the main actors and institutions according to the internal division of labor in the domain." Scientific cognition, expert knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI). "Domain analysis in professional cognition and artificial intelligence provides mental models of a domain or methods for congratulating knowledge to produce expert systems.""Studies of structures and institutions in scientific communication organize the main actors and institutions according to the internal division of labor in the domain." Scientific cognition, expert knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI). "Domain analysis in professional cognition and artificial intelligence provides mental models of a domain or methods for congratulating knowledge to produce expert systems.""Domain analysis in professional cognition and artificial intelligence provides mental models of a domain or methods for congratulating knowledge to produce expert systems.""Domain analysis in professional cognition and artificial intelligence provides mental models of a domain or methods for congratulating knowledge to produce expert systems."
The Information Economy is a branch of economics that studies how information affects economic decisions. Focus on three areas
- The study of information asymmetry. Economy of information goods. Economy of information technology.
The proposed model starts from:
- Determine the application (the field) of the business, in our case the information services. Needs based on the target audiences. Financial evaluation of the business. Definition of the terms of Intellectual Property.
What is specified the following table:
Outsourcing as a model for information management in Cuba
The above valued from two different sides: From the company and from the Ciget.
Phases of the Methodology:
- Phase O: Start Phase 1: Evaluation Phase 2: Planning Phase 3: Recruitment Phase 4: Transition Phase 5: Administration
For each of the phases the following questions will be answered:
- What does the Phase do? Who participates? What is delivered? What decision is made? How long will it take? In all phases, time is a function of the complexity of the company.
The following Table explains each of the phases:
|
PHASE 0 |
|||
|
What does the Phase do? |
Who participates? |
What is delivered? |
What decision is made? |
| Identify the scope of what you are considering for Outsourcing, Establish criteria, and factors for
initial decisions. Allocates initial resources for project evaluation. |
This phase is initiated by the Project Manager. Equipment for the feasibility study | A document that sets out the scope of the project and administrative issues. | Examine (or not) the strategic benefits. |
|
PHASE 1 |
|||
| Examine the feasibility of Outsourcing; defines the scope and boundaries of the project and reports on the degree to which the project meets the
established criteria |
Project Team and Board of Directors | Documentation established according to the Ciget quality system for contracting . | Decision about whether to proceed or not. |
|
PHASE 2 |
|||
| Establish the criteria for the beginning of the hiring | Project Team | Established documentation | The legal team and chief operating officer |
|
PHASE 3 |
|||
| Establishes the way of working with pairs of the entity | Project Team | Work plan and execution schedule | Ciget project team and the company |
|
PHASE 4 |
|||
| Establishes procedures for information management. Transfer formal responsibility for operations.
Assets are designated as projected (Internet, Patent Database, etc.). |
The project team and the designated head of the outsourced function. | A managed service. Regular reviews. Unforeseen events are avoided | The information required with its critical evaluation for concerted outputs (Feasibility Studies, Business Intelligence,
Monographs, Compendiums, Connectivity etc.) |
Which allows to visualize the project from its conception to its end in the following scheme:
Outsourcing as a model for information management in Cuba
The proposal of operationalization of the procedure, understood by this the definition of the actions to be developed for the fulfillment of each task is carried out from establishing:
- The purpose of each phase The actions to be developed to complete each task The methodological criteria for the development of the tasks-actions according to the methods, techniques and instruments established in the Ciget Quality Manual and reconciled with the client's requirements.
Conclusions
- The information business procedure was implemented in the Escap company through contracting or outsourcing schemes with Ciget Las Tunas. The companies in the territory do not conceive the participation of interface entities in this case of Ciget as an element of their production chain. Companies that undertake the search for information on their own incur higher costs than if they contract it with specialized entities.The variant proposed in this work or another conceived in the negotiation process guarantees access to a database and Internet connectivity that makes it possible to monitor the technological, commercial and competitive system of the company.
Bibliography
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