Undoubtedly, over the years, it has been found that the human being is capable of developing a number of activities that over time have changed the life of humanity. From discovering that the earth was not round, to developing a computer. The life cycle of humanity is founded on the different achievements and events that have transformed the way of thinking and acting when doing things. Events ranging from the coming of Jesus Christ to earth, to the independence of countries and the transformations in the way of being administered, undoubtedly share certain fundamental aspects.
For all this series of changes and modifications, it can be observed that among its many similarities, the one with the greatest weight is that of communication. None of the aforementioned would be possible without having established a form of communication and therefore organization.
All things need interaction with something for their conformation. Nothing exists in life without the mediation and help of something else. Plants need land, water and the sun, a very particular communication channel is established between them. Animals need a form of communication between their own species and even between people through signs and movements.
Communication, as in the evolution of humanity and things, is present in the development and growth of people, from the moment we are born, we adopt a way of communicating that begins with gestures and noises, ending with modes of writing and speech development.
For all these reasons it is that it becomes of utmost importance to identify which are the precepts and conditions to establish the ideal communication between people, especially those that make up an organization. Within a company, it is not enough to know how to communicate, you must know how the organization expects and intends for us to communicate, under what guidelines, terms and conditions that promote and encourage improvements and effective results.
Knowing what is required to communicate and express for the healthy execution of activities and functions is undoubtedly the key to personal, collective and organizational permanence and growth.
To speak of communication in general is to go back to ancient times and various transformations that the language has had over the years, for some our way of expressing ourselves is considered degenerate, however, it is what to date we have built and must be apply in the best possible way.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The history of Communication in Organizations is undoubtedly associated with the evolution of companies and all the stages in which they have been radically transformed. The first of them, as is well known, dates from the Industrial Revolution, when a 360 ° turn was created on the way to manufacture and produce all kinds of products. By changing the work scheme in the collaborators, undoubtedly the way of communication between the staff also had a tremendous transformation, mainly by establishing a scientific organization at work.
LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY
At the end of this century and attributed to the apogee unleashed in the United States, with the need to establish and expand all kinds of alliances by companies with shareholders, as well as establish national and international governmental agreements, the sense of organizational communication takes another sense. Collaborators are being given a negotiation character. Despite this, the organizational changes were directed more to the processes, to the raw material and to the reduction of costs, so that communication had few variations during this century.
GLOBALIZATION
With the entry of globalization and the accelerated competitive level, they seek to implement all kinds of strategies focused mainly on people and their best performance. To all this is added the organizational communication translated into what until now were human resources. In this condition, a type of communication is established where it is considered that people do not like to work and if they do so it is more out of commitment and duty than pleasure. Therefore the type of communication was seen more as inert people.
People were considered to be a resource that had to be dealt with, therefore, the less the relationship and interaction between them, the easier the objectives that had been contemplated until that moment.
HUMAN TALENT
With the new vision of treating people as carriers of knowledge and skills, that is, as managers of human talent, the concept of communication took another course, becoming much more flexible and with greater openness to be valued for experiences, opinions and improvements established by the entire work team.
INFORMATION AGE
The time has come when the world faces the massive entry of the information age. In it, the most valuable and widely used resource by companies is the information contained in the organization. This information, more than in a computer or blog, is contained in the knowledge that each collaborator possesses. Therefore, for an organization to expand and increase its profitability, it requires fostering an organizational communication of complete trust and freedom. Among its main characteristics is the promotion of teamwork and communication through technology, the need for public relations is strengthened more than ever.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION GUIDELINES
The current elements that dictate the type of communication that must be established within the organization revolve around the way to control and promote the relationship between people, within an organizational culture. This culture among its many objectives, has the slogan of establishing the way in which it should behave and the conduct that is required within the company.
Therefore, the guidelines that define the type of Organizational Communication are contained in the following four patterns:
- M ision: it is understood as the reason for the business being, what is the main objective of the organization and all the elements that it requires to achieve its mission. It is answering the questions What do I want to be? Why do I do my activities? And it is considered as what the organization must do in the present. Vision: the vision on the contrary, establishes what the organization at some point intends to become. In other words, it is based on an ideal future, where it intends to get from and what it wants to be. Philosophy:It is the set of information and background that defines it as an organization. It details what the organization has done to become what it is today. They are all the circumstances that have shaped and driven it to evolve and grow. Values: they are the ones that dictate how activities should be carried out, under what precepts and behaviors. They include honesty, respect, responsibility, etc.
The organizational culture is established by senior management, it establishes what it is intended to become in the future and in what way it is to be achieved, promoting different types of behaviors, skills and knowledge. Organizational culture establishes what can and cannot be done within the company.
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Comunication elements. Shannon and Weaver propose a communication model that is made up of six basic elements:
- Issuer or source: the person who has the need to communicate information, ideas, experience, learning, etc. Encodification: it is the language or code by which the information will be reached, it can be verbal, written, by symbols, etc. M and Nsanje: the idea that plasmar.Medio or channel intended: the way in which communication is established, may be a cell phone, a notebook, visual, etc. Decoding: it is the interpretation or translation of the Encoding, that is, of the language or code by which communication is established. Receiver: is the person to whom the information reaches, who receives and interprets it. Feedback:It is the response that the receiver will give to the sender of the information obtained.
EFFECT OF COMMUNICATING
Like any action, establishing communication with someone else has a purpose, it is not just about talking, but rather it has an intention to be carried out. The first general reason has to do with encouraging a change, that is, the reason for communicating is to exert an impact and therefore a modification on the recipient that can directly affect:
- Knowledge: its purpose is to expand the information available on a specific topic, to increase knowledge about it. It can be easily observed when attending a training course such as personal improvement, where it is intended to increase the field of action on which the concept of life and self-esteem revolves. A c titud and opinion: is intended to change the attitude and point of view it has established with another to generate greater weight and importance in the receiver. It occurs when someone speaks well of someone to another person, for example, when teachers make positive comments about a student, modifying and impacting the opinion of other teachers. Conduct: finally, this objective of establishing communication aims to change the way of behaving, reacting and being of a person. It is extremely important to reflect on this type of communication because it manifests itself in the actions that the receiver is going to adopt in a certain situation. In the other two cases, the sender only expresses what he thinks and it is the receiver's decision if he modifies his behavior, but in this case, he is directly influenced to modify it. It can be seen when the boss talks directly with the subordinate to carry out a certain action or activity in a specific way.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
In the opinion of Antonio Lucas Marín, it is the means that determines behavior, establishing personal relationships and creating the means to work towards the achievement of the goals set. Among its different types of communication, internal and external communication stand out.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION
It is the type of communication that is established within an institution, organization or between a group of people. It can be the communication that is established between the members of a family, it is called internal because it is shared among the members of the already established group.
We have all belonged in different ways to a communication with these characteristics, where trust, the adoption of responsibilities and functions should prevail, but above all, a common idea or objective is shared, where everyone uses their efforts to achieve the goals. themselves.
VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
Among its various forms of classification, vertical communication is divided into ascending and descending, having as its main characteristic a flow of information that contemplates the general organization chart of the company. Communication is established at the different hierarchical levels and has as its watchword the systematization and optimal internal functioning with the execution of the functions and responsibilities that each member is responsible for.
DESCENDING COMMUNICATION
It is usually observed in the work instructions that are delegated from the upper to the lower managers and in any other group is the communication that flows in the direction of the levels of greater authority and responsibility to the lower levels and of execution.
The concept in question must be established in a reasoned manner. In the case of a job, it must be established under the rules of respect and trust so that the correct translation of the message is possible in the receiver of what is intended by the sender. It is mainly established when there is a need to establish procedures, practices and improvements, such as when requesting a requirement for materials from one process to another. The most effective way to put it into practice is when feedback is generated, that is, when there is a response from the receiver with which it can enrich and benefit the entire environment. It may be that at the time of requesting the material it is reported that it includes a new one that better meets the requested requirements.
ASCENDING COMMUNICATION
With this type of communication, the participation of subordinates in decision-making is encouraged, it is the way in which opinions and suggestions are obtained from people who are directly in the action, Within a population census, it would be reflected this type of communication by taking into account the point of view of the interviewers on the approach and interpretation that people have regarding the census.
Through upward communication, valuable ideas are presented, as it is the people who have the experience and directly experience the effects, who provide the message. Among its advantages are:
- Quantify the degree of understanding of a certain activity or responsibility: when the opportunity is given to listen to the lower levels, there is a guideline to really verify how the activities are being developed and the concept that this level has of said function. Quantification is the first step of improvement within the organization. It measures the work environment: it is possible to realize how the mood and interpersonal relationships are within the group or sector. In a family, with the parents being the high command and the children the low levels, when they are given the opportunity for the children to express themselves, it is possible to detect the moods and the way in which the children are carried away.It encourages the acquisition of information with which the communication process is enriched and with this communication channels can be established more effectively.
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
It is the one that is established between the people with the same level or position within the group, such as in the family are the children, in the company they are the people with the same position, or within the society are the individuals who carry out the same activity. It occurs between people with the same hierarchical level, encouraging coordination and problem solving, because when carrying out similar activities there is confidence, knowledge and openness to be able to clarify any doubt in the way in which the activities are carried out.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Within this type of communication, there is the so-called informal communication, which adopts this term because it lacks the legitimacy of the corresponding authorities and because it does not apparently have importance for the purposes that are being carried out. For example, within the classroom, it could be called informal communication that takes place at the time the teacher leaves class and begins the conversation between classmates regarding all kinds of issues, except those concerning the class.
Among its advantages or benefits is the speed with which this information flows, reaching the receiver instantly, in addition to having flexibility to transmit the same idea without being interpreted as an order or instruction. It also allows an accessible language in which both the sender and the receiver understand what is intended to be done.
As part of its disadvantages or limitations, it is that many times it can generate damage or conflict because it lacks foundation, that is, many times the information that is manifested is false and generates only a conflictive situation, for example, anticipating that some person will be promoted without being confirmed yet. Another negative aspect is that in access it generates loss of time and there is a risk of making mistakes mainly due to distractions.
The most appropriate way to deal with this type of communication - since it cannot be eradicated - is to complement it by providing official information at a higher speed and in a timely, complete and clear manner. In addition to managing their times and moments to do it, allowing a pleasant and friendly environment, without incurring leisure time.
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
It is the so-called public relations communication. It is the one that takes place outside the organization and in it a number of interested parties intervene, among which the following stand out: clients, society in general, shareholders, the public, the media, etc.
For its correct development, it must be carried out under a human aspect, that is, values such as respect and honesty, mainly. It must be in a cordial and professional character since it is developed with the purpose of establishing permanent ties with the external environment. In it, agreements must be established and shared that can range from governmental, to interests, needs and comments from clients.
The main way to develop this communication is through advertising, which opens the introduction stage to the outside, but also allows through advertising to increase and expand the fields of action of the organization.
COMMUNICATION STYLES
Although the action of communicating can be adapted and adjusted to the requirements of the environment, we must remember that by being part of us in a natural and natural way, each person has their own communication style that they have forged and established over time and that currently it is governed by the behaviors that prevail within its personality.
- Passive Communication: it is practiced by people of a docile and temperate character. The fact that it becomes effective or counterproductive lies in the situation and the moment in which it is being lived.Aggressive communication: it can be observed in people of impulsive and explosive character, who do not have control of themselves and when faced with a strong situation, their way of communicating is loud, hurtful and uncontrolled. It is the most dangerous type of communication and the one that seeks to eradicate from any social group. Assertive Communication: it goes beyond passive or aggressive communication, it is about using the right type of communication in each of the situations that arise. It consists of knowing how to speak when it should be done and knowing how to shut up when necessary.It is knowing how to use the right words and tone so that the rest of the team understands and works for the same goals and with the same intensity.
CONCLUSION
With the development of this article, it was possible to appreciate the enormous importance that Organizational Communication has represented over time in the construction of the bases with which today's companies are founded.
It could be analyzed that it does not have a specific origin and no one can be attributed the emergence of this term, because it is latent in every living being and is a means of expressing and relating that every being and individual possesses in an intrinsic way.
However, the main historical stages that transformed the organizational way of communication are covered. Finding stages such as the Industrial Revolution, Globalization and the Information Age. The Organizational Communication was divided into each of the parts that make it up, among which are the sender, the message, the decoding and the receiver, assessing their main characteristics of each one of them.
Finally, the idea of how important and transcendent Organizational Communication will continue to be in the coming years is shared, where the means to establish it may be modified -mainly through electronic means- but it will continue to exist, apply and have a fundamental mission in the objectives set by any type of company.
Successful organizations today and in the future will be distinguished by the concept and way of approaching Organizational Communication with its different environments and approaches. The predominant role of the individual prepared and qualified for a certain position must be accompanied by a communication that is consistent with the culture of the company and that generates personal and collective benefits translated into the interests and expectations that the organization intends.
Bibliography
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Thesis
“Effective Organizational Communication Model in grocery and retail food MSMEs in the Central Region of the State of Veracruz”.
Objective:
Build the Optimal Communication Model for this type of MIPYMES, which has a direct impact on the achievement of the Organizational objectives established by the Companies.
GRATITUDE
Sincere gratitude to the Technological Institute of Orizaba, for becoming and continuing to reign as the parent home of our professional training. To the Division of Graduate Studies and Research (DEPI), for encouraging us to search for a better future. To the National Council of Science and Technology (Conacyt) for the support and backing it gives us. Finally and in a special way, to Dr. Fernando Aguirre y Hernández, a pioneer in the construction of a different vision and results.
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