The objective of this essay is to carry out a planning of the distribution of a plant under the empiricist perception, which allows to highlight professional knowledge and experience, to gather the necessary elements while being in labor competition in a globalized world.
The objective of this essay is to make a distribution planning of a plant under the empiricist perception, which allows highlighting the professional knowledge and experience necessary to collect items while in labor competition in a globalized world.
introduction
As long as you have the necessary experience to face any problem in a job, you will have barriers in the profession of life that arise at that moment, you have to overcome them, managing to learn well from problems in a positive way, because despite having done our best effort, we fall into a conflict and there is no choice but to analyze and learn from mistakes. I admire people for their capacity for analysis, criticism towards the good path of tranquility and patience that experience gives them, for the knowledge acquired over the years, that way of approaching life with the aim of having a balance, managing to have saved that wisdom that links and links important points, which leads us to consult books, giving support with solid foundations,getting to reflect the knowledge in each one of us.
By family custom I denote that we learn more in our daily environment, than from those to whom we present a project. Sometimes when my students come to expose some research, I try to do my best as a group leader, obtaining disciples who represent themselves selflessly, facing situations that they manage to manage and move forward, many are defeated in the first attempt, however when At the end of the course I explain the reality of the agenda, maturing it, learning it and realizing that in life we have to educate ourselves, that the client is not always right, as the great quality philosophers always say.
Strengthen and learn to value knowledge by transmitting experience through methods that strengthen the training in students, that come a little closer to real life, what the environment is like outside, have the strength to recognize mistakes and defend the virtues of their personality, nowadays, a small entrepreneur tends to grow and strategically plan the new business facilities, if possible, study each space in detail, projecting the operators and the services to be performed in the processes in which they are involved.
Today's professional experiences permanent changes as the demands of today's world clients increase, participating in innovative processes that reflect self-training and self-evaluation, identifying all the means that are necessary to implement their knowledge, adjusting to the competences and demands of companies towards the labor field.
II. Spaces and criteria
There are a variety of factors to locate the spaces and the criteria that predominate to carry out a strategic plan, in which the facilities of a plant distribution can be satisfactorily performed, for that, experienced personnel are required, who have the vocation to do it without a scientific study.
For example:
- Fast food restaurants, such as companies that perform mass services, have staff who have already experienced care and services with large amounts of food, they are factors that are needed to bring quality throughout their environment, from the arrival of the diner to their withdrawal from the restaurant Professional services organizations (Doctors, Accountants, Engineers, Lawyers, etc.), each profession has a very personal design to the professional profile The emergency medical services mostly choose locations that facilitate their access to fast care and do not delay your time of service, more and more is the involvement of medical personnel without having studied architecture or civil engineering.
In many Latin American countries, large investors are moving their business projects to cities with less expensive properties, creating shopping centers and industrial parks that generate foreign exchange as well as economic support, establishing commercial and financial flows between residents of the area of that currency. With respect to those of the others, industrial activities are governed by market and selective conditions, all the phases that are needed to carry out the production process and the necessary conditions of the company, as is currently happening with China, has successfully taken over of an economic market, interacting with Latin American countries and the US, reflecting important bilateral relations, advancing in their cooperation in trade, economy, energy,environmental protection and exchanges between people, such as building industrial plants as it has been doing for more than twenty years with Brazil.
The experience of people to carry out a good planning of each one of the operations lands in sure success, strengthening a good plant distribution, taking into account labor criteria, the safety and hygiene of the workers. The minimum distance to travel in the flow of materials or service, must be considered as the main criterion, observing the restrictions of each area and the geometry that is required for a normal performance in the operation, for that we take into account historical data such as examples that allow us to ensure a good distribution in an industrial plant.
System of an Industrial Plant.
Figure 1. System of an Industrial Plant.
Types of Industrial Plant.
Figure 2. Types of Industrial Plant.
2.1 Basic Objective
Promote the integration of all areas or factors involved in labor productivity, under the justified experience in a coordinated manner, in a plant distribution planning, to achieve objectives strategically set in an organization.
2.2 Specific Objectives
- Carry out optimal ideal routes for the handling of materials, operation of each department that is required for its elaboration in its administrative and production activities, shortening, evaluating with a study of times, movements, the spaces and operation equipment.Guarantee safety and hygiene, achieving staff satisfaction, creating and improving the work environment. Ability to adapt to changes, in low-risk situations, where operations are carried out.
Objectives faced by the plant distribution with previous activities
- Reduction of risks due to the material or its quality Reduction of risks to health and safety in workers Increase in production Space savings Reduction of time in the preparation of the assembly or service process Reduction of delivery to customers Quick and better supervision Reduced errors and re-jobs Ease of adjustment to emerging changes Harmony and worker satisfaction Increased machinery, labor and services Elimination of production delays
Plan so that the human and technological resources, as well as the location of inputs and even the finished product, must be well marked. Based on the optimum of the company's operations, for that, it is necessary that the following phases be taken into account in the design:
Phases in the Plant Distribution Design.
Figure 3. Phases in the Plant Distribution Design.
Variables that must be taken into account in the Location, Capacity and Distribution decisions.
Figure 4.Variables that must be taken into account in Location, Capacity and Distribution decisions.
To respond to globalization, it is necessary to prepare people for a competitive world where they experience and enrich the tasks that must be carried out in constant evolution, their place in an organization in networks, the information will pass through channels where the "logic" At stake will be particularly complex due to the expansion of borders, preparing for a professional life that will not have a linear character, improving their ability to work in a team, using information autonomously, developing their capacity for improvisation, as well as their creativity.
It is a requirement of today's society greater flexibility in the distribution of the plant, so that it adjusts to the circumstances that requires an experienced team in which it justifies moving to an ideal process and design to the product or service that the client demands each time Furthermore, making it possible to enter a competition from the particular to the general, combined with the various work activities such as family, without having to resort to other additional expenses than a plant distribution, we observe all this in large businesses that start with a method or System little updated in technology, but all with the purpose of carrying out production and sales activities with good strategic planning that leads us to achieve the business goal.
It is important to note that currently businesses use a web page to show their products or services in order to make money, grow stronger every day, specializing and adjusting to the demands of the client, giving the idea to update and create changes just in time, staying in this globalized world.
2.3 Strategic importance of physical distribution decisions.
The physical distribution of the plant is a key point to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the long-term operations, establishing activities with competitive priorities in each of the processes regarding the capacity, flexibility and cost of the work carried out in each of the operations., that either the assembly or service processes are involved. For example: self-service stores support their low-cost strategy, with physical distribution and storage techniques, other businesses operate in work cells, complying with the company's competitiveness requirements, they can be considered:
- Increased use of space, equipment and people Increased flow of information, materials and people Improve employee mood and safety of working conditions Improve customer interaction Flexibility (whatever the physical layout current, it will need to be changed).
A good physical layout requires determining:
- Material handling equipment Capacity and space requirement Environment and aesthetics Information flows Cost of moving in different work areas
The need to adapt to change leads organizations to ask key questions for strategic management, such as:
- What kind of plant layout should we apply? Are we in the right areas? Should we restructure our business? What new entrants are entering the plant? What strategies should we follow? How are our customers changing? developing new technologies that can work ideally in some area of the business?
In fixed position distribution, the process remains in one place, workers and equipment reach those work areas, for example: a ship project, a road, a bridge, a house, an oil well. They usually face problems in the construction stage, where there are different materials and articles that can alter an entire process or product, for that a personnel with verifiable experience is required, in almost all cases without sufficient studies to ensure the operational knowledge to be carried out.
In process-oriented distribution, it can be handled simultaneously with a variety of products or services, supporting the traditional way of supporting an efficient strategy, meeting customer requirements with those needs, we currently have Software for process-oriented distributions with a graphical approach and works well for small problems, there are programs that can handle distributions of up to forty departments. The best known is the CRAFT (Computarized Relative Allocation of Facilites Technique), it handles a systematic examination of alternative arrangement of each apartment to reduce the total cost, other techniques optimize distribution, manufacturing or service processes and procedures.
Conclusions
Plant Distribution Planning includes decisions from the physical layout of any facility that occupies its space, allowing employees to work more efficiently, from the storage area where functional processes are required without congestion and excessive accumulation of materials, ensuring health and hygiene, adjusting distances of materials and updating the company's technology, for this, it is always necessary to resort to qualified and experienced workers who carry out complex operations, thus having control of the processes, reducing the risk of accidents. Always trying to find the most economical and efficient way. At the same time ensuring the satisfaction of the staff who have to carry out the work and above all having a flexible emerging plan,attending to the changes that occur in the short and medium term in the production processes.
Require a previous calculation according to the demand to the production plan, estimated the hours planned to reality, having historical data that allow deciding the routes or programs according to the traffic that the areas occupy, in order to locate the distances in detail of each department, for example: it may be convenient for the X-ray room of a hospital to be located near trauma, considering it relevant that the information may influence in some aspect in the distribution of the building. For all this, it is important to take into account the quantitative and qualitative criteria (SLP: Systematic Layut Planning), obtaining a detailed distribution of the facilities and all their elements. There is no doubt that the miniature plant distribution is still used, in detail such as: drawings, scale models and models.Reflecting its advantages in a lower production cost and in an improvement of delivery times in customer service, achieving progress in quality. Applying technology according to the training of your studio in distribution. On the other hand, the processes must always be alert to trends, internal and external events, in such a way that timely changes can be made, managing a software for distribution with adaptations to all departments, which adjust to the shape of the building and its fixed areas.to internal and external events, in such a way that timely changes can be made, managing a software for distribution with adaptations to all departments, which adjust to the shape of the building and its fixed areas.to internal and external events, in such a way that timely changes can be made, managing a software for distribution with adaptations to all departments, which adjust to the shape of the building and its fixed areas.
Bibliography
- Herizer, R. (2004). Principles of Operations Management. Mexico: Pearson Education.Jefrrey N. Moore, LR (2004). Operations Research in Administrative Science (Fifth Edition ed.). Mexico: Prentice Hall Hispanoamérica. Monks, JG (1991). Operative administration. Mexico: Mc Graw Hill.
