1. Introduction
The following article raises the importance of planning and control systems in an organization or company, defines what planning is and what it is for in a company. The importance of setting goals and meeting them, the planning processes are described from your strategy, the implementation of your strategy and the evaluation of the implemented strategy, as control is an important part of the administrative processes of the company since Without it, the processes could not be measured or analyzed to be able to compare the standards established in the control and thus verify the objectives to be achieved and to be able to promote the company.
2. Systems planning and control
2.1 Planning
In order to understand what planning is in an organization or company, first some concepts of what planning is will be introduced.
Agustín Reyes Ponce: It consists of setting a specific course of actions to be followed, establishing the rules, the sequence and time
Ernest Dale: Setting objectives to be achieved in the future and the procedures and techniques defined to achieve them.
Burt k. Scanlan: System that begins with the objectives, develops norms, strategies, and procedures and has a feedback of information.
Leonard J. Kazmier: setting objectives and establishing policies, procedures and techniques to achieve them.
There are many planning concepts, but as we can see with the 4 concepts shown in the figure, all the authors agree that planning is a line that must continue to set objectives that are to be obtained in the future, and the processes, techniques, times and means to achieve the results that were established.
With this we realize that without good planning a company would be lost and wandering without achieving its results, with planning it can organize people, resources and thus direct them to the established goals.
The goals that are set in planning must be specific, measurable and must be planned at times that can actually be achieved.
2.1.1 Goals
Four reasons why goals are important in a company or organization (Vargas, 2009).
Goals
Goals provide a sense of direction
If there are no established goals, there is confusion in the organization, it is not known where it is going
Focus our efforts
By focusing on our goals, we set priorities so we can better manage our resources.
Guide our plans and decisions
Knowing what it wants the company sets its goals
Evaluate our progress
By setting goals and giving them time and being able to measure them we can evaluate the performance of the company
2.1.2 Planning process
Three fundamental steps that the planning process models must fulfill (Stoner, Freeman, & Gilbert, 1996).
Strategy formulation
Systems planning and control
Elaborate the mission of the company
Detect opportunities and threats external to the organization
Define your strengths and weaknesses
To establish objectives
Generate alternative strategies
Choose the specific strategies to be followed
Internal
Strength / Weaknesses
External
Opportunities / Threats
strategy implementation
In order to implement the strategy, the company must follow the following steps:
Set Annual Goals
Devise policies
Motivate employees
Assign resources
Four main components
Systems planning and control
Strategy evaluation
In order to evaluate the strategy that was followed in planning, it is necessary to ask two questions:
- The strategy was carried out as planned The results were achieved
Fundamental activities to evaluate
Review internal and external factors
Measure performance
Apply corrective actions
2.2 Systems control
Control in companies is an administrative function, it is part of the administrative process, which allows us to verify, measure, if the process or system that was selected is meeting the goals or objectives that were set.
2.2.1 Stages of control (Diez de Castro & García del Junco, 2001)
Since the control is a static process, which is chained and repeated in order to continue being useful and will start again with the control stages.
Systems planning and control
Setting standards
- Quantity standardsQuality standardsTime standardsTime standardsCost standards
Performance evaluation
At this stage of control, information is obtained on each of the factors that intervene in the process and are useful.
Performance comparison with the established standard
The standards that were established in the company are compared with those obtained in the performance evaluation and thus it is possible to see if there is any deviation or variation with respect to the established standards.
Corrective action
The last stage of the control process, when seeing the compared results and finding faults or that the established standards are not met, a solution is sought to correct the problem.
2.2.2 Control principles
Opportunity
It must be applied before an error or failure occurs in the process and thus it is possible to take early corrective measures.
Of objectives
For the control to be valid it must be based on the objectives, the control is only a means to achieve the defined objectives.
Of deviations
All the deviations found in the process must be easily identified and analyzed, so that the reason can be identified and see what originated them and thus avoid a repeat of the failure in the future.
Accounting
The control system that will be used must leave a greater benefit than the cost generated by its implementation, if not, it is not recommended to use it.
Of exception
It should only be used in the processes that need it most and thus prioritize, to reduce time and cost.
Of the controlling function
The person performing the control must not be involved in the controlled system.
3. Conclusions
In order for a company to be successful, it is necessary to have a planning in order to set its mission, its vision and its objectives as specific and general, another important aspect that must be implemented in an organization is the control of its processes to be able to measure them and thus evaluate them and correct what is not working.
4. Bibliographic references
- Callejas Gonzáles, A. (2002). Loa Scope of Management Control Diez de Castro, EP, & Garcia del Junco, J. (2001). Administration and Direction. Mc Graw Hill, Toner, JA, Freeman, ER, & Gilbert, DR (1996). Administration. Prentice-hall, Inc. Vargas, CB (2009). Strategic planning in organizations. Santa fe, Argentina: El cid Editor Zamudio García, DM (April 26, 2013). Gestiopolis. Obtained from
