Introduction
Planning implies the selection of missions and objectives and the actions to fulfill them, and requires decision-making, to choose between different future courses of action. In this way the plans constitute a rational method for the fulfillment of pre-selected objectives.
Planning
At this stage, the activity to be carried out will be chosen or chosen, and the goals and objectives that are desired and expected to be achieved and the way in which this is to be achieved will be established. For this stage, the administrator or manager with knowledge will ask a series of questions to do it.
Planning characteristics
- Unity: All plans are carried out simultaneously, in a company despite each having its own objectives, they must be congruent in their aims and means in such a way that they can be entered and arranged to form a single general plan. Continuity: planning It is an activity of the administrators that never ends Precision: The courses of action to be followed must be well defined, reducing as far as possible the unforeseen and placing emphasis on the elaboration of developed plans Penetrability: Planning is not an exclusive activity of the Rather, higher hierarchical levels, the activity of formulating plans is mandatory for every executive within his specific area of work.
Planning includes the definition of objectives or goals of the organization. The establishment of an overall strategy to achieve these goals and the development of a complete hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
It is an instrument that serves as guidance so as not to deviate the course of actions, it teaches us to use resources in a rational way and assesses in advance what the effectiveness of the tasks should be to achieve the proposed objectives.
Planning steps
- Knowledge of the opportunity: Although it precedes planning as such and is therefore not strictly a part of the process, having knowledge of an opportunity is the real point to start planning.Objective setting: The first stage of planning itself is the setting objectives for the company as a whole and for each subordinate unit. The objectives basically indicate what is going to be done, where the first emphasis is going to be placed and what is going to be obtained through the network of policies, procedures, rules, budgets, programs and strategies. Establishment of premises: A The second logical stage of planning is to establish, obtain agreement to use and disseminate the critical premises of planning. These are: forecast data related to the events,applicable basic policies, and existing plans in the company Determination of alternative lines: The third stage in the planning process consists of the search and examination of alternative lines of action, especially those that are not immediately apparent. Alternative lines: Once the alternative lines have been determined and the weak and strong points examined, the fourth stage is their evaluation, weighing the various factors and bearing in mind the premises and goals.A line of action may appear as the most profitable, but requires a great deal of cash outlay and slow amortization; another may be less profitable, but involves less risk; and another may be better suited to the company's long-term objectives. Selection of an alternative action:The fifth stage of the planning process is the point at which the plan is adopted, the true point at which the decision is made.Formulation of derived plans: At the time the decision is made, the planning is not yet complete, and requires a final stage. There are almost invariably derived plans, which must be carried out to support the basic plan. Executives in each segment of the company make and execute the plans necessary to make a basic plan a reality, and this chain reaction must continue downward, until there is a specific plan for each activity derived from a master plan.planning is not yet complete, and requires a final stage. There are almost invariably derived plans, which must be carried out to support the basic plan. Executives in each segment of the company make and execute the plans necessary to make a basic plan a reality, and this chain reaction must continue downward, until there is a specific plan for each activity derived from a master plan.planning is not yet complete, and requires a final stage. There are almost invariably derived plans, which must be carried out to support the basic plan. Executives in each segment of the company make and execute the plans necessary to make a basic plan a reality, and this chain reaction must continue downward, until there is a specific plan for each activity derived from a master plan.
Types of plans
- Purposes or missions: it is the task or function of a company or institution. Objectives or goals: are the purposes that are pursued through an activity. Strategies: It is long-term for a company and the adoption of courses of action and the action of resources necessary for its fulfillment. Policies: These are general statements or criteria that guide or guide the thinking of decision-making. Procedures: These are plans by means of which a method for future actions is established. They consist of chronological sequences of the required actions. Rules: Specific actions or prohibitions are exposed in the rules, not subject to the discretion of each person, they are generally a simpler type of plans. Programs: They are a set of goals, policies and procedures, rules, homework assignments, steps to follow,resources to employ and other elements necessary to carry out a given course of action. Budgets: It is the formulation of expected results, expressed in numerical terms, and expressed in financial terms.
