Communication is an important element in any human relationship, since it naturally allows us to be in contact with other people and to be able to transmit thoughts, ideas or feelings.
In organizations, it is also very important to keep communicated and above all, to establish correct communication so that employees are able to work in harmony with the objectives and goals of the companies.
In this present work, you will learn what organizational communication is and what are the types that exist to understand the messages within organizations efficiently and effectively.
Keywords:
- Organizational communication Internal communication External communication Descending Ascending
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Generalities
Organizational communication is also known as corporate communication when it is about a company, or in its case, institutional communication when it is about a public institution, and consists of the process of issuing and receiving messages within an organization that be complex.
This process could be internal, based on existing relationships within the organization, or external. If this is a company, communication can occur in three systems:
- Operations (tasks or operations) Regulatory (orders or instructions) Maintenance (public relations, advertising and recruitment).
Organizational communication can also be understood as a process of production, circulation and consumption of meanings between the public and the organization.
(Wikipedia, sf)
The communication process
Before entering the field of organizational communication, it is necessary to first define what communication is.
Martínez and Nosnik define the communication process as "A process by means of which one person gets in contact with another through a message and expects the latter to give a response, be it an attitude, behavior or opinion." (Martínez & Nosnik, 1988)
Comunication elements
Communication is a process in which some elements participate that are essential for it to be carried out with a certain efficiency. They are described in detail below:
- Issuer / source: It is one or more people who have ideas, information and a purpose to communicate, that is; those who seek to communicate with one or the other and who initiates the transmission of messages. Encoding: It is translating the idea to be communicated into a code, regardless of whether they are oral or written words or even other symbols that have a meaning that is easy for the other person to understand. That is, put an idea in a language that is understandable for both the person who sends and the person who receives. M e Nsanje: It 's the way it is given to an idea or some thought that the communicator wishes to convey to the receiver, in other words, it is the idea of what the sender wants the receiver itself receives. Me dio or channel: It is the vehicle through which the message travels from the sender to the receiver. Decoding: In this case, contrary to encoding, it is when the code is translated to the own idea that the sender wanted to transmit, and in this element is where you can know if the feedback is effective or wrong. Receiver: It is the person or persons who receive the message, and will respond to it according to the appropriateness of the previous elements. Feedback: Response that the receiver gives to the sender about whether or not he received the message and whether he has interpreted it in an appropriate way.
(Martínez & Nosnik, 1988)
On the other hand, Shannon and Weaver present communication as a process in which the person issuing the message participates, the code that can be translated for the receiver, the message, channel or medium, and finally the answer that the receiver gives. for the issuer.
Communication process (Shannon & Weaver, 1948)
Organizational communication
Successful organizations are those in which communication and information are given real importance, since they have understood that they contribute to improving the communicative environment and work environment; In other words, it is a dynamizer and animator of individual and collective actions, seeking the integration of efforts and the strengthening of an institution.
For this, members can guarantee their knowledge and identification with the organization and company, because they feel taken into account for the development of the organization's goals.
According to Abraham Nosnik, for communication to be effective within organizations it must be:
- OpenEvolutionaryFlexibleMultidirectionalInstrumented
(Torrijos, 2009)
According to the author Lucas Marín, the interest in the study of communication arises in theoretical and practical needs in companies, aimed at improving the skills of those who intervene in the economic process and in the evolution of theories increasingly focused on culture organizational. (Lucas Marín, 1997)
The same author affirms that communication is the means that allows guiding individual behaviors to establish interpersonal relationships that help to work together to achieve a goal.
Types of organizational communication
Internal communication
"Set of actions that encompass the communication processes that are established between the company and employees, and the rest of the internal public of the institution." (De Marchis, 2003)
Downward communication
This type of communication should not be understood only as that which arises in management and is directed at employees, but also that which arises in high command and from there is directed towards management, since in a certain way, both make sense. (Martínez & Nosnik, 1988)
Upward communication
This type occurs from subordinates to superiors, Goldhaber defines it as "those messages that flow from employees to superiors, with the purpose of asking questions, providing feedback and making suggestions"
(Goldhaber, 1984)
Horizontal communication
This communication occurs between people who are at the same level of authority within the same organization. (Goldhaber, 1984)
Horizontal communication can occur between:
- Members of different or same groups Members of different departments Between the line and the staff
External communication
All that type of communication that takes place within an organization and that is directed to external audiences, with the sole purpose of maintaining or improving public relations, achieving a better corporate image.
Public relations
Different activities and / or communication programs that are created to maintain relationships with different audiences that make up the organization.
Advertising
Different messages sent through the mass media evoke a favorable image for the institution.
Institutional advertising
It is considered a public relationship tool, its objective is to increase the sale of the company's products or services.
(Torrijos, 2009)
with conclusion
Organizational communication is a primary factor for the management of companies, the good management of this can make the organization successful and remain much longer in the market.
Despite the fact that there are different types of communication, it will always be made up of the same elements, which make it easier for companies to continue transmitting important information to all employees regardless of their hierarchical level.
Some messages expressed in a correct way in an environment and with a suitable channel, can be converted into a positive action on the part of the receiver and on the contrary, a message not transmitted in an adequate way, will cause ambiguity and problems within the organization.
Thesis topic proposal
Organizational communication as a strengthening element for the growth of SMEs.
General objective
Identify the communication approaches and strategies that contribute to the strengthening of an organization, starting from the Administration and Management areas.
A g r adequacy
To the National Technological Institute of Mexico for being my alma mater and to Dr. Fernando Aguirre y Hernández for their support and motivation to carry out these articles on the subject of Fundamentals of Administrative Engineering.
R efferents
- De Marchis, G. (2003). Organization and direction of the Communication Office. Faculty of Communication Sciences.Goldhaber, GM (1984). Organizational communication. Mexico: Editorial Diana. Lucas Marín, A. (1997). Communication in companies and organizations. Barcelona.: Collection Bosch Comunicación.Martínez, d. V., & Nosnik, A. (1988). Practical organizational communication. Mexico: Trillas.Shannon, & Weaver. (1948). The Mathematical Theory of communication. Torrijos, B. (2009). Insofol. Retrieved May 2016, from: https://www.infosol.com.mx/espacio/Articulos/Desde_la_Investigacion/La-Comunicacion-Organizacional.html#.XMB-EehKjIWWikipedia. (sf). Retrieved May 2016, from
