Manufacturing processes are the way to transform the raw material that we find, to give it a practical use in our society and thus enjoy life more comfortably.
With the rapid development of new materials, manufacturing processes are becoming increasingly complex, hence the importance of knowing the various manufacturing processes through which materials can be processed.
The industry currently requires such knowledge and that is why this work intends that students like us apply the knowledge acquired in the field of Industrial Manufacturing. The manufacturing process described is an aluminum base whose main operations were turning and drilling.
Turning is an operation with chip removal that allows the production of cylindrical, conical and spherical parts, through the uniform movement of rotation around the fixed axis of the part.
Drilling is the operation that consists of making a cylindrical hole in a body using a tool called a drill, this is done with a rotating and feeding movement.
In order to successfully complete this work, the team bought the Aluminum according to the specifications given by the master, made the necessary calculations for the machining of the part and it was sent to a workshop for processing.
On the following pages you will find the sequence of operation for the machining of the part and its drawing, the description of the machinery and raw material used as well as its production cost.
It is of great importance that the future professional industrial engineer has knowledge of the manufacturing processes of greater application for the manufacture of parts and materials, as well as of the basic industrial processes, since with the numerous incorporation of small and medium-sized companies based on processes of manufacturing and the incorporation of state-of-the-art technology to maintain or increase its competitiveness rates, it is necessary that the knowledge acquired in the classroom be put into practice with the development of works like this.
OBJECTIVE
With the elaboration of this work it is intended to provide a basic knowledge about the manufacturing processes necessary for the machining of parts.
Other secondary objectives follow from this objective:
- Identify which processes are appropriate, depending on the part to be machined Know the importance of studying the manufacturing processes Know the application of the manufacturing processes studied in class with common applications in the industry Know the advantages and limitations of each manufacturing process Manufacturing: Being able to select and apply the technical manufacturing sequence for a specific part (aluminum base).
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The fundamental objective in the Chip Starter Manufacturing Process is to obtain parts with the required geometric configuration and desired finish. The operation consists of removing the surplus (excess material) of the metal from the blank by means of cutting tools and suitable machines.
DEPTH OF CUT.
Depth of cut is the depth of the layer torn from the surface of the part in one pass of the tool; it is generally designated by the letter »t» and is measured in millimeters perpendicularly;
In machines where the movement of the part is rotary (Turning and Grinding) or of the tool (Boring), the cutting depth is determined according to the formula:
where: D i = Initial diameter of the piece (mm). D f = Final diameter of the piece (mm).
FEED SPEED
Advancement is understood as the movement of the tool with respect to the part or of the latter with respect to the tool in a given period of time.
Feed is generally designated by the letter "s" and is measured in millimeters per revolution of the spindle or tool holder axis, and in some cases in millimeters per minute.
CUTTING SPEED
It is the distance that the «cutting edge of the tool travels when passing in the direction of the main movement (Cutting Movement) with respect to the surface being worked: The movement that originates, the cutting speed can be rotary or alternative; In the first case, the cutting speed or relative linear speed between the part and the tool corresponds to the tangential speed in the area where the chip detachment is taking place, that is, where the tool and the part come into contact and must go at the unfavorable point. In the second case, the relative speed at a given instant is the same at any point on the part or tool.
«In the case of machines with rotary movement (Tomo, Drill, Milling machine, etc.), the cutting speed is given by:
(m / min) or (ft / min)
Where:
D = diameter corresponding to the most unfavorable point (m).
n = number of revolutions per minute at which the part or tool rotates.
For machines with reciprocating movement (brushes, chisels, broaching machines, etc.), the cutting speed corresponds to the average speed and is given by:
where:
L = distance traveled by the tool or part (m).
T = time required to travel the distance L (min).
A brief description of the turning and drilling processes as well as some of their characteristics is given below.
| Process | Process definition | Equipment |
|
Turning |
It is a machining process in which a single pointed tool removes material from the surface of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. | Turning is traditionally carried out on a machine called a lathe |
| Team Definition | Team Classification | Tool |
| The lathe is a machine, which supplies the power to turn the part at a determined speed of rotation with advancement of the tool and specified depth of cut | Tool lathe
Speed Winch Revolver Lathe Chuck Lathe Automatic Bar Machine Numerically controlled lathes |
Simple tip tools are used, for the threading operation, it is executed with a design with the shape of the rope to be produced. Shape turning is done with a specially designed shape called a shape tool. |
| Define Tool | Tool Classification | Turning Related Operations |
| A cutting tool with a simple cutting edge is used to remove material from a rotating workpiece to form a cylinder. | Head
Counterpoint Cake Transversal carriage Main Cart |
Fairing
Taper turning or Contour turning Shape Turning Chamfering Parting Drilling |
| Process | Process definition | Equipment |
|
Boring |
It is a machining operation used to create round holes in a work part | Drill Press |
| Team Definition | Team Classification | Tool |
| The Drill Press is the standard drilling machine. | Vertical Drill
Drill bench Drill radial Multiple Drill |
Drill |
| Define Tool | Tool Classification | Operations Related to Drilling |
| Various cutting tools are available for making holes, but the twist drill is by far the most common. Their diameters range from 0.006 in. Up to bits as large as 3.0 in. Twist drills are widely used in industry to produce holes quickly and economically. | Helical Drill | Reaming
Internal Threading Flared Countersunk Centered Faced |
